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Paula Monti
Paula Monti

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Paula Monti is here in full — 9 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 9 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 9
A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.
This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.
Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.
Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.
Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.
Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.
The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.
For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.
The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Paula Monti

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Paula Monti is here in full — 9 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 9 reading units · Lines 1–9

Line 1
A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.
Line 2
This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.
Line 3
Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.
Line 4
Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.
/ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli ðə fɜːrst ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən ʌv hɪz ˈkɑːmədi hæd əˈtræktɪd ɔːl ðə ˈhaɪər ˈsɜːrkəlz ʌv ˈperɪs tuː wɪtʃ hiː bɪˈlɔːŋd/
Line 5
Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.
Line 6
Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.
Line 7
The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.
/ðə məˈdʒɔːrəti ʌv ðə ˌlɪtərˈɑːti ʌv ðə taɪm vjuːd wɪð ˈæŋɡri mɪˈstrʌst ðə ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən ʌv ðɪs freʃ priˈtendər wɪˈðɪn ðə ərˈiːnə ʌv ðer oʊn ˈtraɪəmfs/
Line 8
For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.
Line 9
The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ennobling adjective US /ɪˈnoʊblɪŋ/

investing with dignity or honor

From this reading “For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.”

jealousies noun US /ˈdʒeləsiz/

plural of “jealousy” — a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)

From this reading “Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.”

literati noun US /ˌlɪtərˈɑːti/

the literary intelligentsia

From this reading “The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.”

pretender noun US /priˈtendər/

a claimant to the throne or to the office of ruler (usually without just title)

From this reading “The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.”

reverses noun US /rɪˈvɜːrsɪz/

plural of “revers” — a lapel on a woman's garment; turned back to show the reverse side

From this reading “Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.”

Seducer noun US /sɪˈduːsər/

a bad person who entices others into error or wrongdoing

unaltered adjective US /əˈnɔːltərd/

remaining in an original state

From this reading “Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.”

unquestioned adjective US /ənˈkwestʃənd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading “Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

leisure hours noun + noun

In this reading “For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.”

literary effort adjective + noun

In this reading “This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.”

remained firm verb + adjective counted as “remain firm”

hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright

In this reading “Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.”

higher circles adjective + noun counted as “higher circle”

In this reading “Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.”

indulge in verb + particle

In this reading “Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.”

bitter feeling adjective + noun

In this reading “For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.”

some time adjective + noun

In this reading “Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.”

All words in this reading · 184

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

adduced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

agreeableadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːəbəl/

conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

ambitionnounUS /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

amiabilitynounUS /ˌeɪmiəˈbɪləti/

a cheerful and agreeable mood

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

arenanounUS /ərˈiːnə/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

benevolencenounUS /bəˈnev.əl.əns/

The quality of being well meaning; kindness and generosity. (Lòng nhân ái, sự nhân từ độ lượng.)

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

boxesnounUS /ˈbɑːksəz/

plural of “box” — a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

circlesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəlz/

plural of “circle” — ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

comedynounUS /ˈkɑːmədi/

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

comprehendverbUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhend/

get the meaning of something

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

Comédie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

ConsequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

createdverbUS /kriˈeɪtəd/

past form of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

curiositynounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

ennoblingadjectiveUS /ɪˈnoʊblɪŋ/

investing with dignity or honor

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

entertainingadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnɪŋ/

agreeably diverting

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

envynounUS /ˈenvi/

a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

five-act

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

Française

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

Gercourt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

good-will

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

humiliatingadjectiveUS /hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ/

causing awareness of your shortcomings

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

improveverbUS /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

indulgeverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒ/

give free rein to

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

injuriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʊriəs/

harmful to living things

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

jealousiesnounUS /ˈdʒeləsiz/

plural of “jealousy” — a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

justlyadverbUS /ˈdʒʌstli/

with honesty

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

literatinounUS /ˌlɪtərˈɑːti/

the literary intelligentsia

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

malicenounUS /ˈmæləs/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

mistrustverbUS /mɪˈstrʌst/

regard as untrustworthy; regard with suspicion; have no faith or confidence in

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

performancenounUS /pərˈfɔːrməns/

a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

personages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

praiseworthyadjectiveUS /ˈpreɪzwɜːrði/

worthy of high praise

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

prepossessingadjective

creating a favorable impression

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

pretendernounUS /priˈtendər/

a claimant to the throne or to the office of ruler (usually without just title)

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

REPRESENTATIONnounUS /ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən/

a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

reversesnounUS /rɪˈvɜːrsɪz/

plural of “revers” — a lapel on a woman's garment; turned back to show the reverse side

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

SeducernounUS /sɪˈduːsər/

a bad person who entices others into error or wrongdoing

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

strikingadjectiveUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

sustainedadjectiveUS /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

talentnounUS /ˈtælənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

ThanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Consequently the first representation of his comedy had attracted all the higher circles of Paris, to which he belonged.

transactionnounUS /trænˈzækʃən/

the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities)

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

triumphsnounUS /ˈtraɪəmfs/

plural of “triumph” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

unalteredadjectiveUS /əˈnɔːltərd/

remaining in an original state

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

unhappilyadverbUS /ənˈhæpəli/

in an unpleasant way

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

universaladjectiveUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl/

of worldwide scope or applicability

From this reading Some friends still remained firm and unaltered; but only a fall, at once striking and humiliating, from the high position he then occupied, could have restored him to universal good-will.

unquestionedadjectiveUS /ənˈkwestʃənd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading A FIRST REPRESENTATION The Comédie Française had announced for the present evening the first performance of "_The Seducer_," a five-act comedy in verse.

Vicomte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

viewedverbUS /vjuːd/

past form of “view” — deem to be

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This piece was the first literary effort of the Vicomte de Gercourt.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Thanks to his natural amiability and known benevolence of disposition, added to some severe reverses of fortune he had sustained, envy and malice were content to let him alone; and for some time M. de Gercourt possessed not a single enemy, but unhappily his literary ambition (the only really noble, great, and praiseworthy ambition a man can indulge in) created for him, after a time, a host of petty and hostile jealousies.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The majority of the literati of the time viewed with angry mistrust the introduction of this fresh pretender within the arena of their own triumphs.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading The reader will now find himself introduced into several boxes of the Comédie Française, where he will meet many of the personages of our history, attracted, by universal curiosity, to witness the first representation of this dramatic effort.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading For ourselves, we have never been able to comprehend the bitter feeling let loose upon a man, by all the public writers of the day, against whom nothing more injurious could be adduced, than that he sought to improve and employ his leisure hours by the ennobling study of literature in general.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Still extremely young and quite the fashion, possessed of a highly prepossessing and agreeable person, he justly passed in the world for a man of talent, an agreeable and entertaining companion, and a person of unquestioned honour in every transaction in which he was concerned.

Chapter 11 of Paula Monti by Eugène Sue holds 9 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Paula Monti contain?

Chapter 11 holds 9 sentences of Paula Monti, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Paula Monti by Eugène Sue exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 9 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Paula Monti?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Paula Monti

Common questions about reading Paula Monti by Eugène Sue on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Paula Monti?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Paula Monti is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Paula Monti take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Paula Monti

Words and structures a reader meets early in Paula Monti, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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