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Pausanias, the Spartan
Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Pausanias, the Spartan
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.
The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.
They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.
A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.
The Regent paused beside them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.
Line 2
The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.
/ðə muːn wɑːz ʌp ənd ðə ˈvesəl ˈskersli siːmd tuː stɜːr soʊ ˈdʒentli dɪd ɪt ɡlaɪd əˈlɔːŋ ðə ˈspɑːrklɪŋ ˈwɔːtərz/
Line 3
They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.
/ðeɪ wɜːr stɪl wɪˈðɪn ðə beɪ ənd ðə ʃɔːrz roʊz waɪt ənd dɪˈstɪŋkt tuː hɪz vjuː/
Line 4
A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.
/ə ɡruːp ʌv ˈspɑːrtənz rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ baɪ ðə saɪd ʌv ðə ʃɪp wɜːr ˈɡeɪzɪŋ ˈlɪstləsli ɑːn ðə ˈwɔːtərz/
Line 5
The Regent paused beside them.
/ðə ˈriːdʒənt pɔːzd bɪˈsaɪd ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

glide verb US /ɡlaɪd/

move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading “The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.”

listlessly adverb US /ˈlɪstləsli/

in a listless manner

From this reading “A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.”

reclining noun US /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading “A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.”

Regent noun US /ˈriːdʒənt/

members of a governing board

From this reading “The Regent paused beside them.”

shores noun US /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading “They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.”

sparkling adjective US /ˈspɑːrklɪŋ/

shining with brilliant points of light like stars

From this reading “The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.”

Spartans noun US /ˈspɑːrtənz/

plural of “spartan” — a resident of Sparta

From this reading “A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.”

thoughtful adjective US /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading “With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

baynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading The Regent paused beside them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

gazingverbUS /ˈɡeɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

glideverbUS /ɡlaɪd/

move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

listlesslyadverbUS /ˈlɪstləsli/

in a listless manner

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

Pausanias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

pausedverbUS /pɔːzd/

past form of “pause” — interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing

From this reading The Regent paused beside them.

recliningnounUS /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

RegentnounUS /ˈriːdʒənt/

members of a governing board

From this reading The Regent paused beside them.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

sparklingadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːrklɪŋ/

shining with brilliant points of light like stars

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

SpartansnounUS /ˈspɑːrtənz/

plural of “spartan” — a resident of Sparta

From this reading A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Regent paused beside them.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

thoughtfuladjectiveUS /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view.

Chapter 4 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 93 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Pausanias, the Spartan contain?

Chapter 4 holds 93 sentences of Pausanias, the Spartan, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 93 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Pausanias, the Spartan?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Pausanias, the Spartan

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pausanias, the Spartan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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