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Pausanias, the Spartan
Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.
Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.
He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.
But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.
For it was a discontent that lay in the hostility of race to race.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.
/fɔːr sʌm deɪz æn əˈpɪrəns æt liːst ʌv ˈhɑːrməni wɑːz rɪˈstɔːrd tuː ðə kənˈtendɪŋ ˈfækʃənz ɪn ðə ˈbɪzəntaɪn kæmp/
Line 2
Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.
Line 3
He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.
Line 4
But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.
/bʌt dɪskənˈtent ərˈoʊz frʌm ˈkɑːzəz bɪˈɑːnd hɪz ˈpaʊər hæd hiː ˈdʒenjəwənli ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd ɪt tuː riˈmuːv/
Line 5
For it was a discontent that lay in the hostility of race to race.
/fɔːr ɪt wɑːz ə dɪskənˈtent ðæt leɪ ɪn ðə hɑːˈstɪləti ʌv reɪs tuː reɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Byzantine adjective US /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/

of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it

From this reading “For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.”

complainants noun US /kəmˈpleɪnənts/

plural of “complainant” — a person who brings an action in a court of law

From this reading “Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.”

contending verb US /kənˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading “For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.”

exerted verb US /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading “But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.”

factions noun US /ˈfækʃənz/

plural of “faction” — a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue

From this reading “For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.”

genuinely adverb US /ˈdʒenjəwənli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading “But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.”

grievances noun US /ˈɡriːvənsəz/

plural of “grievance” — a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading “Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.”

redress noun US /rɪˈdres/

a sum of money paid in compensation for loss or injury

From this reading “Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

alliesnounUS /ˈælaɪz/

the alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

ByzantineadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/

of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

complainantsnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnənts/

plural of “complainant” — a person who brings an action in a court of law

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

conciliating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

contendingverbUS /kənˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

demeanournounUS /dɪˈmiːnər/

(behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

discontentnounUS /dɪskənˈtent/

a longing for something better than the present situation

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

dismissverbUS /dɪˈsmɪs/

bar from attention or consideration

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

exertedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

factionsnounUS /ˈfækʃənz/

plural of “faction” — a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

genuinelyadverbUS /ˈdʒenjəwənli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

Gongylus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

graciousadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪʃəs/

characterized by charm, good taste, and generosity of spirit

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

grievancesnounUS /ˈɡriːvənsəz/

plural of “grievance” — a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

hostilitynounUS /hɑːˈstɪləti/

a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition

From this reading For it was a discontent that lay in the hostility of race to race.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

Ioniannoun

a member of one of four linguistic divisions of the prehistoric Greeks

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading For it was a discontent that lay in the hostility of race to race.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

Pausanias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading For it was a discontent that lay in the hostility of race to race.

redressnounUS /rɪˈdres/

a sum of money paid in compensation for loss or injury

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

removeverbUS /riˈmuːv/

remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

submitverbUS /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For it was a discontent that lay in the hostility of race to race.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For some days, an appearance at least of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.

Chapter 11 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 58 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Pausanias, the Spartan contain?

Chapter 11 holds 58 sentences of Pausanias, the Spartan, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 58 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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