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Pausanias, the Spartan
Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.
Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.
Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.
Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.
At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.
Line 2
Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.
/əˈfɑːr θruː ðə ˈvɪstəz ðʌs fɔːrmd ɡliːmd ðə bluː ʌv ə ˈsliːpɪŋ siː/
Line 3
Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.
Line 4
Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.
Line 5
At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arcades noun US /ɑːrˈkeɪdz/

plural of “arcade” — a covered passageway with shops and stalls on either side

From this reading “The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.”

conversing verb US /kənˈvɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “converse” — carry on a conversation

From this reading “Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.”

grassy adjective US /ˈɡræsi/

abounding in grass

From this reading “Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.”

grouped adjective US /ɡruːpt/

arranged into groups

From this reading “Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.”

interlaced adjective US /ˌɪntərˈleɪst/

having a pattern of fretwork or latticework

From this reading “The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.”

knoll noun US /noʊl/

a small natural hill

From this reading “Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.”

sward noun US /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading “The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.”

vistas noun US /ˈvɪstəz/

plural of “vista” — the visual percept of a region

From this reading “Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

AfaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

arcadesnounUS /ɑːrˈkeɪdz/

plural of “arcade” — a covered passageway with shops and stalls on either side

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

Cleonice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

conversingverbUS /kənˈvɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “converse” — carry on a conversation

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

fountainnounUS /ˈfaʊntən/

a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

gleamedverbUS /ɡliːmd/

past form of “gleam” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias.

grassyadjectiveUS /ˈɡræsi/

abounding in grass

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

groupedadjectiveUS /ɡruːpt/

arranged into groups

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

handmaids

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

interlacedadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈleɪst/

having a pattern of fretwork or latticework

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

knollnounUS /noʊl/

a small natural hill

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

marginnounUS /ˈmɑːrdʒən/

the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

noondaynoun

the middle of the day

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

Pausanias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias.

reposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

shadowyadjectiveUS /ˈʃædoʊi/

filled with shade

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

shelteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃeltərd/

protected from danger or bad weather

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

sleepingnounUS /ˈsliːpɪŋ/

the state of being asleep

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

sparkledverbUS /ˈspɑːrkəld/

past form of “sparkle” — reflect brightly

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

swardnounUS /swɔːrd/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

vinesnounUS /vaɪnz/

plural of “vine” — a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

vistasnounUS /ˈvɪstəz/

plural of “vista” — the visual percept of a region

From this reading Afar through the vistas thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

whispersnounUS /ˈwɪspərz/

plural of “whisper” — speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof.

womanlyadjective

befitting or characteristic of a woman especially a mature woman

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.

Chapter 13 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 224 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Pausanias, the Spartan contain?

Chapter 13 holds 224 sentences of Pausanias, the Spartan, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 224 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Pausanias, the Spartan?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pausanias, the Spartan

Common questions about reading Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pausanias, the Spartan?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pausanias, the Spartan is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pausanias, the Spartan take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Pausanias, the Spartan

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pausanias, the Spartan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Pausanias, the Spartan, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Pausanias, the Spartan, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Pausanias, the Spartan, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.