Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Pausanias, the Spartan
Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Pausanias, the Spartan
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.
The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.
More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.
And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.
And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Pausanias, the Spartan is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.
Line 2
The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.
/ðə ˈhaʊsəz ʌv ðə ˈspɑːrtən prəˈpraɪətərz wɜːr æt ðæt deɪ nɑːt ˈkloʊsli pækt təˈɡeðər æz ɪn ðə dens ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən ʌv kəˈmɜːrʃəl taʊnz/
Line 3
More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.
Line 4
And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.
Line 5
And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.
/ənd soʊ laʊd ənd ˈdʒɔɪəs ðə prəˈseʃən bɔːr ðə jʌŋ ˈwɔːriər tuː ðə ˈθreʃoʊld ʌv hɪz hoʊm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Acropolis noun US /əˈkrɑːpələs/

the citadel in ancient Greek towns

From this reading “And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.”

ceilings noun US /ˈsiːlɪŋz/

plural of “ceiling” — the overhead upper surface of a covered space

From this reading “And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.”

doorways noun US /ˈdɔːrweɪz/

plural of “doorway” — the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close

From this reading “And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.”

Doric noun US /ˈdɔːrɪk/

the dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in Doris

From this reading “And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.”

Lysander noun US /ˌlaɪˈsændər/

Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)

From this reading “The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.”

Pallas noun US /ˈpæləs/

(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva

From this reading “And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.”

Spartan adjective US /ˈspɑːrtən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Sparta or its people

From this reading “The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.”

unadorned adjective US /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

not decorated with something to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading “More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

acclivitynoun

an upward slope or grade (as in a road)

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

AcropolisnounUS /əˈkrɑːpələs/

the citadel in ancient Greek towns

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

ampleadjectiveUS /ˈæmpəl/

more than enough in size or scope or capacity

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

antiqueadjectiveUS /ænˈtiːk/

made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

axenounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

ceilingsnounUS /ˈsiːlɪŋz/

plural of “ceiling” — the overhead upper surface of a covered space

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

Chalcioecus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

commercialadjectiveUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

court-yards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

denseadjectiveUS /dens/

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

dominatedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːməneɪtəd/

controlled or ruled by superior authority or power

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

doorwaysnounUS /ˈdɔːrweɪz/

plural of “doorway” — the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

DoricnounUS /ˈdɔːrɪk/

the dialect of Ancient Greek spoken in Doris

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

fane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

loudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

LysandernounUS /ˌlaɪˈsændər/

Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

ordainedadjectiveUS /ɔːrˈdeɪnd/

fixed or established especially by order or command

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

packedadjectiveUS /pækt/

extremely crowed or filled to capacity

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

PallasnounUS /ˈpæləs/

(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

parentaladjectiveUS /pərˈentəl/

designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

pillarsnounUS /ˈpɪlərz/

plural of “pillar” — a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

proprietorsnounUS /prəˈpraɪətərz/

plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

rudenessnounUS /ˈruːdnəs/

a manner that is rude and insulting

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

shapedadjectiveUS /ʃeɪpt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

SpartanadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːrtən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Sparta or its people

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

stairsnounUS /sterz/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

suburbnounUS /ˈsʌbərb/

a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

swellverbUS /swel/

increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

thresholdnounUS /ˈθreʃoʊld/

the starting point for a new state or experience

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

Tower-hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

unadornedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

not decorated with something to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

unequaladjectiveUS /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

villasnounUS /ˈvɪləz/

plural of “villa” — Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home.

Chapter 23 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Pausanias, the Spartan contain?

Chapter 23 holds 135 sentences of Pausanias, the Spartan, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Pausanias, the Spartan?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pausanias, the Spartan

Common questions about reading Pausanias, the Spartan by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pausanias, the Spartan?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pausanias, the Spartan is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pausanias, the Spartan take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Pausanias, the Spartan section by section

How to work through Pausanias, the Spartan section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Pausanias, the Spartan to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Pausanias, the Spartan

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pausanias, the Spartan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Pausanias, the Spartan, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Pausanias, the Spartan, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Pausanias, the Spartan, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.