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Pausanias, the Spartan
Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XXIV

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.
It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.
These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.
If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.
Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pausanias, the Spartan

Chapter XXIV

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.
Line 2
It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.
Line 3
These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.
Line 4
If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.
Line 5
Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.”

Amongst preposition US /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading “It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.”

Fortune noun US /ˈfortune/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.”

Hence adverb US /hens/

for this reason

From this reading “Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

according

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

allow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

aristocracy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

aristocrats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

association

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

character

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

conduced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

contributed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

contributions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

cost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

custom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

divisions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

equal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

equality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

excluded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

expose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

father's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

feasted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

fellowship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

formed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

fortunenounUS /ˈfortune/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

fought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

habit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

held

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

HenceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

home

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

indispensable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

infants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

intimate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

large

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

largely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

lastly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

meal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

means

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

messed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

military

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

naturally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

number

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

objects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

obliged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

occasions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

opinion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

other

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From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

own

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From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

peculiar

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From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

permitted

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From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

portion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

precise

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From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

principal

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From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

private

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

public

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

pure

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From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

rank

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From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

reason

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From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

send

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From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

society

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From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

sort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

Sparta

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From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

Spartan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

status

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

supplied

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From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

table

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

tables

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

taking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

threatened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

title

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

together

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.

uniform

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal meal at a public table.

union

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It conduced to four objects: the precise status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank,--equality among aristocrats, since each at the same table was held the equal of the other--military union, for as they feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions.

why

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.