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Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition
Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition

Chapter IV · A Retrospect

Chapter IV of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition, “A Retrospect,” is here in full — 101 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.
Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.
His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.
In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.
In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition

Chapter IV · A Retrospect

Chapter IV of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition, “A Retrospect,” is here in full — 101 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.
Line 2
Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.
Line 3
His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.
/hɪz laɪf ʌp tuː ðə ˈpɪriəd wen hiː kʌmz əˈpɑːn ˈaʊər ˈlɪtəl steɪdʒ dɪˈvaɪdz ˌɪtˈself ˈɪntuː θriː ˈɪrəz ɔːl mɑːrkt baɪ ðer ˈsepəreɪt ˈmɔːrəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz/
Line 4
In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.
Line 5
In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.
/ɪn ðə ˈsekənd ˈerə hiː ɪnˈkaʊntərd hɪz ˈmʌðər ənd ðen ðə ˈfroʊzən ˈfaʊntən ʌv hɪz əˈfekʃənz wɑːz ənˈsiːld ənd ˈmeltəd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abridged adjective US /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading “Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.”

abuses noun US /əˈbjuːsɪz/

plural of “abuse” — cruel or inhumane treatment

From this reading “Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.”

amplify verb US /ˈæmpləfaɪ/

increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading “Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.”

demoralization noun US /dɪˌmɔːrəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

destroying the moral basis for a doctrine or policy

From this reading “In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.”

eras noun US /ˈɪrəz/

plural of “era” — a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading “His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.”

submits verb US /ˌsʌbˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading ““Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.”

unsealed adjective US /ənˈsiːld/

not established or confirmed

From this reading “In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.”

violates verb US /ˈvaɪəleɪts/

third-person singular of “violate” — fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns

From this reading “Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

personal responsibility adjective + noun

In this reading “In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.”

fell into verb + particle

In this reading “In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.”

go back verb + particle

belong to an earlier time

In this reading “Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.”

certain parts adjective + noun

In this reading “Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.”

comes upon verb + particle counted as “come upon”

find unexpectedly

In this reading “His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

abridgedadjectiveUS /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

abusesnounUS /əˈbjuːsɪz/

plural of “abuse” — cruel or inhumane treatment

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

amplifyverbUS /ˈæmpləfaɪ/

increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

biddingnounUS /ˈbɪdɪŋ/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

Charlton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

closetnounUS /ˈklɑːzət/

a small room (or recess) or cabinet used for storage space

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

ConfederacynounUS /kənˈfedərəsi/

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

crowningadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊnɪŋ/

representing a level of the highest possible achievement or attainment

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

cursenounUS /kɜːrs/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

demoralizationnounUS /dɪˌmɔːrəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

destroying the moral basis for a doctrine or policy

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

dividesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪdz/

plural of “divide” — a serious disagreement between two groups of people (typically producing tension or hostility)

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

erasnounUS /ˈɪrəz/

plural of “era” — a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

experiencesnounUS /ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz/

plural of “experience” — the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

flogged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

fountainnounUS /ˈfaʊntən/

a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

meltedadjectiveUS /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

NewmannounUS /ˈnuːmən/

United States film actor (born in 1925)

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

obediencenounUS /oʊˈbiːdiəns/

the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

PeculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

refusingverbUS /rəˈfjuːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

removingverbUS /riˈmuːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “remove” — remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

responsibilitynounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

RevverbUS /rev/

increase the number of rotations per minute

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

slavenounUS /sleɪv/

a person who is owned by someone

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

slave's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

slaverynounUS /ˈsleɪvəri/

the state of being under the control of another person

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

submitsverbUS /ˌsʌbˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the _first_, he felt the slave’s crowning curse,—the absence of that sense of personal responsibility which freedom alone can give; and he fell into the demoralization which is the inherent consequence of the slave’s condition.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Any slave refusing obedience to any command may be flogged till he submits or dies.

universaladjectiveUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl/

of worldwide scope or applicability

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

unsealedadjectiveUS /ənˈsiːld/

not established or confirmed

From this reading In the _second_ era, he encountered his mother, and then the frozen fountain of his affections was unsealed and melted.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His life, up to the period when he comes upon our little stage, divides itself into three eras, all marked by their separate moral experiences.

violatesverbUS /ˈvaɪəleɪts/

third-person singular of “violate” — fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Not by occasional abuses alone, but by the universal law of the Southern Confederacy, the existing system of slavery violates all the moral laws of Christianity.”—_Rev. Newman Hall._ Before removing Peculiar from the closet which at Charlton’s bidding he has entered, we must go back to the time when he was a slave, and amplify and illustrate certain parts of his abridged narrative.

Chapter 4 of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition by Epes Sargent holds 101 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition contain?

Chapter 4 holds 101 sentences of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition by Epes Sargent exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 101 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition

Common questions about reading Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition by Epes Sargent on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition?

Yes. All 12265 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67872 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67872, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2453 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition section by section

How to work through Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition

Words and structures a reader meets early in Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.