Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Peggy Owen at Yorktown
Peggy Owen at Yorktown

Chapter XXXI · The Dawn of the Morning

Chapter XXXI of Peggy Owen at Yorktown, “The Dawn of the Morning,” is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Peggy Owen at Yorktown
Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”
—Francis Scott Key.
“Hurrah! the foes are moving.
Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Peggy Owen at Yorktown

Chapter XXXI · The Dawn of the Morning

Chapter XXXI of Peggy Owen at Yorktown, “The Dawn of the Morning,” is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?
Line 2
Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”
Line 3
—Francis Scott Key.
Line 4
“Hurrah! the foes are moving.
/hʊˈrɑː ðə foʊz ɑːr ˈmuːvɪŋ/
Line 5
Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

catches noun US /ˈkætʃəz/

plural of “catch” — a drawback or difficulty that is not readily evident

From this reading “Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!””

conceals verb US /kənˈsiːlz/

third-person singular of “conceal” — prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading ““What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?”

discloses verb US /dɪˈskloʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “disclose” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading ““What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?”

fife noun US /faɪf/

a small high-pitched flute similar to a piccolo; has a shrill tone and is used chiefly to accompany drums in a marching band

From this reading “Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!”

fitfully adverb US /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading ““What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?”

morning's noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

possessive form of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

shines noun US /ʃaɪnz/

plural of “shine” — the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light

From this reading “Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!””

trump verb US /trʌmp/

produce a sound as if from a trumpet

From this reading “Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

full glory adjective + noun

In this reading “Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!””

gleam of verb + particle

In this reading “Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!””

shines on verb + particle counted as “shine on”

In this reading “Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!””

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Hurrah! the foes are moving.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

bannernounUS /ˈbænər/

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

beamnounUS /biːm/

a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

blowsnounUS /bloʊz/

plural of “blow” — a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

catchesnounUS /ˈkætʃəz/

plural of “catch” — a drawback or difficulty that is not readily evident

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

concealsverbUS /kənˈsiːlz/

third-person singular of “conceal” — prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

culverinnoun

a heavy cannon with a long barrel used in the 16th and 17th centuries

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

dinnounUS /dɪn/

a loud harsh or strident noise

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

disclosesverbUS /dɪˈskloʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “disclose” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

drumnounUS /drʌm/

a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

fifenounUS /faɪf/

a small high-pitched flute similar to a piccolo; has a shrill tone and is used chiefly to accompany drums in a marching band

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

fitfullyadverbUS /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

foesnounUS /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading “Hurrah! the foes are moving.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —Francis Scott Key.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

gleamverbUS /ɡliːm/

be shiny, as if wet

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

HarkverbUS /hɑːrk/

listen; used mostly in the imperative

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

HurrahnounUS /hʊˈrɑː/

a victory cheer

From this reading “Hurrah! the foes are moving.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

KeynounUS /kiː/

metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading —Francis Scott Key.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

morning'snounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

possessive form of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading “Hurrah! the foes are moving.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

reflectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈflektɪd/

(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

roaringnounUS /ˈrɔːrɪŋ/

a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

ScottnounUS /skɑːt/

award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading —Francis Scott Key.

shinesnounUS /ʃaɪnz/

plural of “shine” — the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

star-spangled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

steednounUS /stiːd/

(literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

TisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

toweringadjectiveUS /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/

of imposing height; especially standing out above others

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

trumpverbUS /trʌmp/

produce a sound as if from a trumpet

From this reading Hark to the mingled din Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin!

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; ’Tis the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!”

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?

Chapter 31 of Peggy Owen at Yorktown by Lucy Foster Madison holds 256 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Peggy Owen at Yorktown contain?

Chapter 31 holds 256 sentences of Peggy Owen at Yorktown, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Peggy Owen at Yorktown by Lucy Foster Madison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 256 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Peggy Owen at Yorktown?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Peggy Owen at Yorktown

Common questions about reading Peggy Owen at Yorktown by Lucy Foster Madison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Peggy Owen at Yorktown?

Yes. All 5331 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36744 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Peggy Owen at Yorktown is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36744, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Peggy Owen at Yorktown take to read?

About 444 minutes of reading across 1067 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Peggy Owen at Yorktown section by section

How to work through Peggy Owen at Yorktown section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Peggy Owen at Yorktown to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Peggy Owen at Yorktown

Words and structures a reader meets early in Peggy Owen at Yorktown, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Peggy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peggy Owen at Yorktown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Patriot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peggy Owen at Yorktown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Liberty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peggy Owen at Yorktown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Publishing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peggy Owen at Yorktown; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.