Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Penelope's Experiences in Scotland
Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Penelope's Experiences in Scotland
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'
John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'
We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.
Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!
She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'
Line 2
John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'
Line 3
We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.
Line 4
Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!
/pərˈhæps ɪt wɑːz ðə ˈweðər bʌt aɪ kʊd θɪŋk ʌv ˈnʌθɪŋ bʌt puːr kwiːn ˈmeri/
Line 5
She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chilling adjective US /ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/

provoking fear terror

From this reading “We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.”

drizzling adjective US /ˈdrɪzəlɪŋ/

(of rain) falling lightly in very small drops

From this reading “We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.”

espy verb US /ˈespi/

catch sight of

From this reading “John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'”

homesick adjective US /ˈhoʊmsɪk/

longing to return home

From this reading “She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!”

Knox noun US /nɑːks/

Scottish theologian who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland and wrote a history of the Reformation in Scotland (1514-1572)

From this reading “John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'”

opaque adjective US /oʊˈpeɪk/

not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy; impenetrable to sight

From this reading “We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.”

shrouded verb US /ˈʃraʊdɪd/

past form of “shroud” — cover as if with a shroud

From this reading “We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.”

unheralded adjective US /ənˈherəldɪd/

without warning or announcement

From this reading “The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'”

All words in this reading · 155

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

AdieunounUS /əˈduː/

a farewell remark

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

arryvall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

befoir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

chere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

chillingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/

provoking fear terror

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

dolorousadjective

showing sorrow

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

dolournoun

(poetry) painful grief

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

driftedverbUS /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

drippingnounUS /ˈdrɪpɪŋ/

a liquid (as water) that flows in drops (as from the eaves of house)

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

drizzlingadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪzəlɪŋ/

(of rain) falling lightly in very small drops

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

Edina's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

espyverbUS /ˈespi/

catch sight of

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

fancynounUS /ˈfænsi/

something many people believe that is false

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

greetedverbUS /ˈɡriːtəd/

past form of “greet” — express greetings upon meeting someone

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

greynessnoun

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

haar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

hir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

homesickadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊmsɪk/

longing to return home

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

impietynoun

unrighteousness by virtue of lacking respect for a god

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

KnoxnounUS /nɑːks/

Scottish theologian who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland and wrote a history of the Reformation in Scotland (1514-1572)

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

lovelyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvli/

appealing to the emotions as well as the eye

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

manounUS /mɑː/

informal terms for a mother

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

manifestlie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

memorie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

micht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

murmuredverbUS /ˈmɜːrmərd/

past form of “murmur” — speak softly or indistinctly

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

myst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!

o'ercast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

onie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

opaqueadjectiveUS /oʊˈpeɪk/

not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy; impenetrable to sight

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

palacesnounUS /ˈpæləsəz/

plural of “palace” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!

preciseadjectiveUS /prɪˈsaɪs/

sharply exact or accurate or delimited

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

recordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

SetverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

seyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

shroudedverbUS /ˈʃraʊdɪd/

past form of “shroud” — cover as if with a shroud

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

shyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

skairse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

sorrowsnounUS /ˈsɑːroʊz/

plural of “sorrow” — an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

summonsnounUS /ˈsʌmənz/

a request to be present

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Perhaps it was the weather, but I could think of nothing but poor Queen Mary!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

unheraldedadjectiveUS /ənˈherəldɪd/

without warning or announcement

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading She had drifted into my imagination with the haar, so that I could fancy her homesick gaze across the water as she murmured, 'Adieu, ma chere France!

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading John Knox records of those memorable days: 'The very face of heaven did manifestlie speak what comfort was brought to this country with hir--to wit, sorrow, dolour, darkness and all impiety--for in the memorie of man never was seen a more dolorous face of the heavens than was seen at her arryvall... the myst was so thick that skairse micht onie man espy another; and the sun was not seyn to shyne two days befoir nor two days after.'

woesnounUS /woʊz/

plural of “woe” — misery resulting from affliction

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading We could not see Edina's famous palaces and towers because of the haar, that damp, chilling, drizzling, dripping fog or mist which the east wind summons from the sea; but we knew that they were there, shrouded in the heart of that opaque, mysterious greyness, and that before many hours our eyes would feast upon their beauty.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading The weather that greeted us on our unheralded arrival in Scotland was of the precise sort offered by Edinburgh to her unfortunate queen, when, 'After a youth by woes o'ercast, After a thousand sorrows past, The lovely Mary once again Set foot upon her native plain.'

Chapter 2 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin holds 47 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland contain?

Chapter 2 holds 47 sentences of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 47 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Common questions about reading Penelope's Experiences in Scotland by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland?

Yes. All 2475 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1217 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1217, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Penelope's Experiences in Scotland take to read?

About 206 minutes of reading across 495 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Penelope's Experiences in Scotland section by section

How to work through Penelope's Experiences in Scotland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Penelope's Experiences in Scotland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edina
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scotia's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Darling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Palaces
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.