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Penelope's Experiences in Scotland
Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
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'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'
Rose the Red and White Lily.
Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.
It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.
They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland is here in full — 54 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'
Line 2
Rose the Red and White Lily.
/roʊz ðə red ənd waɪt ˈlɪli/
Line 3
Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.
Line 4
It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.
Line 5
They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

footman noun US /ˈfʊtmən/

a man employed as a servant in a large establishment (as a palace) to run errands and do chores

From this reading “It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.”

function noun US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading “Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.”

heathen noun US /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading “They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.”

idolatrous adjective US /aɪˈdɑːlətrəs/

relating to or practicing idolatry

From this reading “They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.”

impressive adjective US /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading “Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.”

mirth noun US /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading “'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'”

nourished adjective US /ˈnɜːrɪʃt/

being provided with adequate nourishment

From this reading “They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.”

solicitude noun US /səˈlɪsɪtuːd/

a feeling of excessive concern

From this reading “They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

ArticlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

bow'r

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

butlernounUS /ˈbʌtlər/

a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table

From this reading It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

delightfuladjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

footmannounUS /ˈfʊtmən/

a man employed as a servant in a large establishment (as a palace) to run errands and do chores

From this reading It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

functionnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

harpit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

heathennounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

idolatrousadjectiveUS /aɪˈdɑːlətrəs/

relating to or practicing idolatry

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

impressiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

just-ready-to-be-ordained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

ladyes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

LilynounUS /ˈlɪli/

any liliaceous plant of the genus Lilium having showy pendulous flowers

From this reading Rose the Red and White Lily.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

ministerial-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.

mirthnounUS /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

nourishedadjectiveUS /ˈnɜːrɪʃt/

being provided with adequate nourishment

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

rangverbUS /ræŋ/

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Rose the Red and White Lily.

RosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Rose the Red and White Lily.

Rowardennan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

sangnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading It is served by a ministerial-looking butler and a just-ready-to-be-ordained footman.

sew'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

solicitudenounUS /səˈlɪsɪtuːd/

a feeling of excessive concern

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

TeanounUS /tiː/

a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water

From this reading Tea at Rowardennan Castle is an impressive and a delightful function.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

Thirty-Nineadjective

being nine more than thirty

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'The knights they harpit in their bow'r, The ladyes sew'd and sang; The mirth that was in that chamber Through all the place it rang.'

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Rose the Red and White Lily.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They both look as if they had been nourished on the Thirty-Nine Articles, but they know their business as well as if they had been trained in heathen lands,--which is saying a good deal, for everybody knows that heathen servants wait upon one with idolatrous solicitude.

Chapter 20 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin holds 54 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland contain?

Chapter 20 holds 54 sentences of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 54 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Common questions about reading Penelope's Experiences in Scotland by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland?

Yes. All 2475 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1217 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1217, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Penelope's Experiences in Scotland take to read?

About 206 minutes of reading across 495 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Penelope's Experiences in Scotland section by section

How to work through Penelope's Experiences in Scotland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland to begin.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Penelope's Experiences in Scotland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Penelope's Experiences in Scotland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edina
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scotia's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Darling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Palaces
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Experiences in Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.