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Penelope's Irish Experiences
Penelope's Irish Experiences

Chapter XXVI · Ireland's gold

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.
The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'
Denis Florence M'Carthy.
The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.
We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Penelope's Irish Experiences

Chapter XXVI · Ireland's gold

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.
Line 2
The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'
Line 3
Denis Florence M'Carthy.
Line 4
The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.
Line 5
We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Beginning noun US /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

bay-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

beginningnounUS /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Boyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

changed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

chapel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

confines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Connaught

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

crowns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

Denis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Denis Florence M'Carthy.

Devorgilla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

Downs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

ear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

feet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

Florence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Denis Florence M'Carthy.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

fragrant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

furze-crowned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

glen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

glistening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

glorious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

glory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

God

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

golden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

Hall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

hay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

heights

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

homes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Ireland's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Leinster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

M'Carthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Denis Florence M'Carthy.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

Munster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

near

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

number

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

Old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

outspreading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

provinces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

ripening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

rustic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

sat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

saw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

seat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Ulster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

Vale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

white-walled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'