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Penelope's Irish Experiences
Penelope's Irish Experiences

Chapter XXVI · Chapter 26

Chapter 26 of Penelope's Irish Experiences is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.
The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'
Denis Florence M'Carthy.
The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.
We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Penelope's Irish Experiences

Chapter XXVI · Chapter 26

Chapter 26 of Penelope's Irish Experiences is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.
Line 2
The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'
Line 3
Denis Florence M'Carthy.
Line 4
The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.
Line 5
We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Boyne noun US /bɔɪn/

a battle in the War of the Grand Alliance in Ireland in 1690; William III defeated the deposed James II and so ended the Catholicism that had been reintroduced in England by the Stuarts

From this reading “The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.”

confines noun US /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

Downs noun US /daʊnz/

plural of “down” — soft fine feathers

From this reading “'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.”

glistening adjective US /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading “The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'”

Ireland's noun US /ˈaɪrləndz/

possessive form of “ireland” — a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

ripening noun US /ˈraɪpənɪŋ/

coming to full development; becoming mature

From this reading “The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'”

Ulster noun US /ˈʌlstər/

a historic division of Ireland located in the northeastern part of the island; six of Ulster's nine counties are in Northern Ireland

From this reading “We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.”

Vale noun US /veɪl/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading “The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

bay-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

BoynenounUS /bɔɪn/

a battle in the War of the Grand Alliance in Ireland in 1690; William III defeated the deposed James II and so ended the Catholicism that had been reintroduced in England by the Stuarts

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

chapelnounUS /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

confinesnounUS /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Connaught

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

crownsnounUS /kraʊnz/

plural of “crown” — the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

Denis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Denis Florence M'Carthy.

Devorgilla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

DownsnounUS /daʊnz/

plural of “down” — soft fine feathers

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading Denis Florence M'Carthy.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

fragrantadjectiveUS /ˈfreɪɡrənt/

pleasant-smelling

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

furze-crowned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

glennounUS /ɡlen/

a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

glisteningadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

haynounUS /heɪ/

grass mowed and cured for use as fodder

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Ireland'snounUS /ˈaɪrləndz/

possessive form of “ireland” — a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

Leinster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

M'Carthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Denis Florence M'Carthy.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

Munster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

outspreading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

ripeningnounUS /ˈraɪpənɪŋ/

coming to full development; becoming mature

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

rusticadjectiveUS /ˈrʌstɪk/

characteristic of rural life

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

UlsternounUS /ˈʌlstər/

a historic division of Ireland located in the northeastern part of the island; six of Ulster's nine counties are in Northern Ireland

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading 'I sat upon the rustic seat-- The seat an aged bay-tree crowns-- And saw outspreading from our feet The golden glory of the Downs.

ValenounUS /veɪl/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The Old Hall, Devorgilla, Vale of the Boyne.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have now lived in each of Ireland's four provinces, Leinster, Munster, Ulster, and Connaught, but the confines of these provinces, and their number, have changed several times since the beginning of history.

white-walled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The furze-crowned heights, the glorious glen, The white-walled chapel glistening near, The house of God, the homes of men, The fragrant hay, the ripening ear.'

Chapter 26 of Penelope's Irish Experiences by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin holds 87 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 26 of Penelope's Irish Experiences contain?

Chapter 26 holds 87 sentences of Penelope's Irish Experiences, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 26 of Penelope's Irish Experiences by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 87 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 26 of Penelope's Irish Experiences?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 26 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 26 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Penelope's Irish Experiences

Common questions about reading Penelope's Irish Experiences by Kate Douglas Smith Wiggin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Penelope's Irish Experiences?

Yes. All 2548 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1391 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Penelope's Irish Experiences is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1391, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Penelope's Irish Experiences take to read?

About 212 minutes of reading across 510 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Penelope's Irish Experiences section by section

How to work through Penelope's Irish Experiences section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Penelope's Irish Experiences to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Penelope's Irish Experiences

Words and structures a reader meets early in Penelope's Irish Experiences, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Terrible
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Irish Experiences; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ireland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Irish Experiences; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sunny
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Irish Experiences; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Betther
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penelope's Irish Experiences; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.