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Penguin Island

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Penguin Island is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.
And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.
25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)
[13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.
Henry Cary’s Translation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Penguin Island

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Penguin Island is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.
Line 2
And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.
Line 3
25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)
Line 4
[13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.
Line 5
Henry Cary’s Translation.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquired adjective US /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading “[13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.”

cities noun US /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.”

endless adjective US /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading “THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.”

Genesis noun US /ˈdʒenəsəs/

a coming into being

Greece noun US /ɡriːs/

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading “[13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.”

Histories noun US /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading “25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)”

overthrew verb US /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading “And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.”

Translation noun US /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading “—Henry Cary’s Translation.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

25

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

Alcanoun

type genus of the Alcidae comprising solely the razorbill

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

Americanised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

Cary's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —Henry Cary’s Translation.

cii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

Daniset

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

ENDLESSadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

GenesisnounUS /ˈdʒenəsəs/

a coming into being

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

GreecenounUS /ɡriːs/

a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

hastauxiliary verbUS /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading —Henry Cary’s Translation.

Herodotusnoun

the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing (485-425 BC)

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

HistoriesnounUS /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

overthrewverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

PovertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ENDLESS HISTORY Alca is becoming Americanised.—_M. Daniset_.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

TranslationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading —Henry Cary’s Translation.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

VIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading [13] Poverty hast ever been familiar to Greece, but virtue has been acquired, having been accomplished by wisdom and firm laws.

xixnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of eighteen and one

From this reading And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.—_Genesis xix_.

αἐι

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

Γῇ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

δὲ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

κατεργασμένη

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

καὶ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

κοτε

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

μὲν

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

νόμου

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

πενίη

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

σοφίης

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

σύντροφος

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

τε

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

ἀπό

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

ἀρετὴ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

ἐστι

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

Ἑλλάδι

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

ἔπακτός

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

ἰσχυροῦ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 25 Γῇ Ἑλλάδι πενίη μὲν αἐι κοτε σύντροφος ἐστι, ἀρετὴ δὲ ἔπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῦ.[13] (Herodotus, Histories, VII cii.)

Chapter 8 of Penguin Island by Anatole France holds 281 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Penguin Island contain?

Chapter 8 holds 281 sentences of Penguin Island, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Penguin Island by Anatole France exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 281 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Vocabulary met early in Penguin Island

Words and structures a reader meets early in Penguin Island, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Saint
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penguin Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penguin Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Royal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penguin Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penguin Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.