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Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip
Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip is here in full — 218 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.
The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.
From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.
Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.
These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip is here in full — 218 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.
Line 2
The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.
Line 3
From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.
/frʌm ə bɑːrn keɪm ðə saʊnd ʌv ˈvɔɪsəz ˈsɪŋɪŋ ə sɑːlm ɪn nɑːt ˈveri ˈmjuːzɪkəl toʊnz/
Line 4
Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.
Line 5
These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!
/ðiːz stɜːrn dɪˈsentərz frʌm ðə rɪˈfɔːrmd rɪˈlɪdʒən wɜːr ˈkiːpɪŋ əˈlaɪv ðæt spɑːrk wɪtʃ fænd ˈɪntuː ə fleɪm sʌm ˈfɪfti jɪrz ˈleɪtər wɑːz tuː swiːp θruː ðə lænd ənd ˈdevəsteɪt ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈevəri ˈaʊtwərd saɪn ɪn ˈkruːsəfɪks ənd ˈpɪktʃərd seɪnt ɪn fer kɑːrvd nɪtʃ ənd ˈɪmədʒ ʌv siːr ɔːr kɪŋ wɪtʃ wɜːr ɪn ðer aɪz ðə ˈtoʊkən ʌv ðæt ˈbæbəlɑːn wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈænsərəbəl fɔːr ðə blʌd ʌv ðə ˈfeɪθfəl ˈwɪtnəsəz fɔːr kraɪst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

answerable adjective US /ˈænsərəbəl/

capable of being answered

From this reading “These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!”

devastate verb US /ˈdevəsteɪt/

cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

From this reading “These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!”

dissenters noun US /dɪˈsentərz/

plural of “dissenter” — a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading “These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!”

fanned adjective US /fænd/

especially spread in a fan shape

From this reading “These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!”

niche noun US /nɪtʃ/

a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading “These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!”

psalm noun US /sɑːlm/

one of the 150 lyrical poems and prayers that comprise the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament; said to have been written by David

From this reading “From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.”

reformed adjective US /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading “These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!”

seer noun US /siːr/

a person with unusual powers of foresight

From this reading “These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1554

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

answerableadjectiveUS /ˈænsərəbəl/

capable of being answered

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

BabylonnounUS /ˈbæbəlɑːn/

the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

barnnounUS /bɑːrn/

an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

carvedadjectiveUS /kɑːrvd/

made for or formed by carving (“carven” is archaic or literary)

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

ceremoniesnounUS /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

crucifixnounUS /ˈkruːsəfɪks/

representation of the cross on which Jesus died

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

deemedverbUS /diːmd/

past form of “deem” — keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

devastateverbUS /ˈdevəsteɪt/

cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

dissentersnounUS /dɪˈsentərz/

plural of “dissenter” — a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

engagingadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ/

attracting or delighting

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

faithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

fannedadjectiveUS /fænd/

especially spread in a fan shape

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

FordnounUS /fɔːrd/

United States film maker (1896-1973)

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

Forrester

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

Gifford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

giveth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

heavenlyadjectiveUS /ˈhevənli/

relating to or inhabiting a divine heaven

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

HimpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

Humphrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

imagenounUS /ˈɪmədʒ/

an iconic mental representation

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

LucynounUS /ˈluːsi/

incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

MistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

musicaladjectiveUS /ˈmjuːzɪkəl/

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

nichenounUS /nɪtʃ/

a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

outstretchedadjectiveUS /aʊtˈstretʃt/

fully extended especially in length

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

outwardadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtwərd/

relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

picturedadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərd/

seen in the mind as a mental image

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

PlacenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

Popishadjective

of or relating to or supporting Romanism

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

psalmnounUS /sɑːlm/

one of the 150 lyrical poems and prayers that comprise the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament; said to have been written by David

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

PuritannounUS /ˈpjʊrətən/

a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

Ratcliffe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

reformedadjectiveUS /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

RESISTANCEnounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

saintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

seernounUS /siːr/

a person with unusual powers of foresight

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

SIRnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

sparknounUS /spɑːrk/

a momentary flash of light

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

tokennounUS /ˈtoʊkən/

an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

tonesnounUS /toʊnz/

plural of “tone” — the quality of a person's voice

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The two brothers, Humphrey and George Ratcliffe, left Mary Gifford and Lucy at the gate of Ford Place.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading From a barn came the sound of voices singing a psalm, in not very musical tones.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

wantingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːntɪŋ/

nonexistent

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

WILSONnounUS /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading RESISTANCE 'God giveth heavenly grace unto such as call unto Him with outstretched hands and humble heart; never wanting to those that want not to themselves.'--SIR T. WILSON, 1554.

witnessesnounUS /ˈwɪtnəsəz/

plural of “witness” — someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Mistress Forrester was engaging in a Puritan service with a few of the chosen ones, who would not join in what they deemed the Popish ceremonies of the church in the valley.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading These stern dissenters from the reformed religion were keeping alive that spark which, fanned into a flame some fifty years later, was to sweep through the land and devastate churches, and destroy every outward sign in crucifix, and pictured saint in fair carved niche, and image of seer or king, which were in their eyes the token of that Babylon which was answerable for the blood of the faithful witnesses for Christ!

Chapter 8 of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip by Emma Marshall holds 218 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip contain?

Chapter 8 holds 218 sentences of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip by Emma Marshall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 218 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip

Common questions about reading Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip by Emma Marshall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip?

Yes. All 3813 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28616 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28616, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip take to read?

About 317 minutes of reading across 763 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip

Words and structures a reader meets early in Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Salisbury
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir Philip; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.