Chapter III · “Remember the Athenians.”

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

moving or going or growing upward

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

added to or made greater in amount or number or strength

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

lacking courage; ignobly timid and faint-hearted

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

traveling across

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

a long fixed look

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

plural of “hymn” — a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation)

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

set down according to a plan

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

feeling or showing love and affection

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

not any; not one

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

fraught with danger

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

extremely dark

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Simonides.

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading No tears for them, but memory’s loving gaze; For them no pity, but proud hymns of praise.”

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

three times

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

having the character of, or characteristic of, a traitor

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Its venomous head was the treasonable Greek, dressed as a Persian foot-soldier.

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

which person or people

From this reading “Who at Thermopylæ stood side by side, And fought together and together died, Under earth-barrows now are laid at rest, Their chance thrice glorious, and their fate thrice-blest.

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like a great crawling serpent, the army of Xerxes, augmented by the cowardly Thessalians, wound its circuitous and perilous way from Trachis; first ascending the gorge of the river Asopus and the hill called Anopæa, then crossing the pitch-dark, oak-covered crest of Oeta.