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Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799
Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.
In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.
I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.
As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.
They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.
Line 2
In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.
Line 3
I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.
Line 4
As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.
Line 5
They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.
/ðeɪ hæv sɪns bɪn kəˈlektəd ənd soʊld tuː biː ˈmeltəd daʊn fɔːr ˈveriəs ˈpɜːrpəsəz sʌm ˈprɑːbəbliː tuː biː əˈɡen kənˈvɜːrtɪd ˈɪntuː ˈmɪsəlz ʌv dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cadiz noun US /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading “Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.”

converted verb US /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.”

Cruise verb US /kruːz/

drive around aimlessly but ostentatiously and at leisure

From this reading “Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.”

defended verb US /dɪˈfendəd/

past form of “defend” — argue or speak in defense of

From this reading “I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.”

Gibraltar noun US /dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/

location of a colony of the United Kingdom on a limestone promontory at the southern tip of Spain; strategically important because it can control the entrance of ships into the Mediterranean; one of the Pillars of Hercules

From this reading “In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.”

Mediterranean noun US /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading “Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.”

missiles noun US /ˈmɪsəlz/

plural of “missile” — a rocket carrying a warhead of conventional or nuclear explosives; may be ballistic or directed by remote control

From this reading “They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.”

squadron noun US /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading “Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greater part adjective + noun

In this reading “As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.”

converted into verb + particle counted as “convert into”

In this reading “They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.”

most amusing adverb + adjective

In this reading “I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.”

much pleased adverb + adjective

In this reading “I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.”

on the spot preposition + article + noun counted as “on … spot”

without delay or immediately

In this reading “I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.”

sailed for verb + particle counted as “sail for”

In this reading “In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1782

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

1800

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.

1801

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

amusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

CadiznounUS /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

convertedverbUS /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

CruiseverbUS /kruːz/

drive around aimlessly but ostentatiously and at leisure

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

defendedverbUS /dɪˈfendəd/

past form of “defend” — argue or speak in defense of

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

Drinkwater's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

Elliot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

Ganteaume

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

GibraltarnounUS /dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/

location of a colony of the United Kingdom on a limestone promontory at the southern tip of Spain; strategically important because it can control the entrance of ships into the Mediterranean; one of the Pillars of Hercules

From this reading In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

MediterraneannounUS /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

meltedadjectiveUS /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

missilesnounUS /ˈmɪsəlz/

plural of “missile” — a rocket carrying a warhead of conventional or nuclear explosives; may be ballistic or directed by remote control

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

ProceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

Rear-Admiral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

squadronnounUS /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Cruise off Cadiz--Proceed up the Mediterranean to Egypt after a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Ganteaume, 1801.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading They have since been collected, and sold to be melted down for various purposes, some probably to be again converted into missiles of destruction.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In November, 1800, we sailed for Gibraltar.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading I was much pleased to see the celebrated rock, so well defended by the gallant Elliot in 1782, and to read, on the spot, Colonel Drinkwater’s most amusing history of that famous siege.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading As late as the year 1801, the greater part of the garrison was still covered with shot and broken shells, thrown by the Spaniards at that period.

Chapter 4 of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 by William Stanhope Lovell holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 72 sentences of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 by William Stanhope Lovell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799

Common questions about reading Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 by William Stanhope Lovell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 1634 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63405 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #63405, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 take to read?

About 136 minutes of reading across 327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 section by section

How to work through Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799 to begin.

  2. Read one section

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Vocabulary met early in Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799

Words and structures a reader meets early in Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anecdotes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Narrative of Events, From 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.