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Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3) is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.
He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.
He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.
He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.
His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3) is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.
Line 2
He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.
Line 3
He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.
Line 4
He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.
/hiː wɑːz nɑːt ˈæktʃuːəli fæt nɔːr ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ˈboʊni aɪ θɪŋk hɪz bʌlk kənˈsɪstəd ʌv ˈsɑːləd səbˈstænʃəl fleʃ/
Line 5
His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bony adjective US /ˈboʊni/

being very thin

From this reading “He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.”

especial adjective US /əˈspeʃəl/

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading “As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.”

extravagantly adverb US /ˌekˈstrævəɡəntli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading “His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.”

fills noun US /fɪlz/

plural of “fill” — a quantity sufficient to satisfy

From this reading “He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.”

layers noun US /ˈleɪərz/

plural of “layer” — single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance

From this reading “His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.”

resembling verb US /rɪˈzembəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading “As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.”

spreads noun US /spredz/

plural of “spread” — process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading “He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.”

treble adjective US /ˈtrebəl/

having or denoting a high range

From this reading “His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

spreads out verb + adjective counted as “spread out”

move outward

In this reading “He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.”

at the bottom preposition + article + noun counted as “at … bottom”

In this reading “He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.”

any thing adjective + noun

In this reading “He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.”

consisted of verb + particle counted as “consist of”

In this reading “He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.”

any idea adjective + noun

In this reading “As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.”

wrong way adjective + noun

In this reading “He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.”

rest upon verb + particle

In this reading “His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.”

by Nature preposition + noun

through inherent nature

In this reading “His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

55

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

abruptlyadverbUS /əˈbrʌptli/

quickly and without warning

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

bonyadjectiveUS /ˈboʊni/

being very thin

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

bulknounUS /bʌlk/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

chinnounUS /tʃɪn/

the protruding part of the lower jaw

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

disproportioned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

especialadjectiveUS /əˈspeʃəl/

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

extravagantlyadverbUS /ˌekˈstrævəɡəntli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

fillsnounUS /fɪlz/

plural of “fill” — a quantity sufficient to satisfy

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

fir-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

layersnounUS /ˈleɪərz/

plural of “layer” — single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

paunchnoun

a protruding abdomen

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

poisonverbUS /ˈpɔɪzən/

spoil as if by poison

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

pretendverbUS /priˈtend/

make believe with the intent to deceive

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

resemblingverbUS /rɪˈzembəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

shelfnounUS /ʃelf/

A flat horizontal plane used to hold books or scrolls in a library.

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

shootverbUS /ʃuːt/

hit with a missile from a weapon

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

spreadsnounUS /spredz/

plural of “spread” — process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

stomachnounUS /ˈstʌmək/

an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

substantialadjectiveUS /səbˈstænʃəl/

of considerable importance, size, or worth

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading He was not actually fat, nor particularly bony: I think his bulk consisted of solid, substantial flesh.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

touchingadjectiveUS /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/

arousing affect

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

trebleadjectiveUS /ˈtrebəl/

having or denoting a high range

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

uglyadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡli/

displeasing to the senses

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

uncle'snounUS /ˈʌŋkəlz/

possessive form of “uncle” — the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading As to my uncle’s figure, nothing resembling it having ever been seen, at least by me, I cannot pretend to give any idea of it, save by an especial description.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading His face was neither extravagantly ugly, nor disproportioned to his body; but a double, or rather treble chin descended in layers very nearly to the pit of his stomach, whence his paunch abruptly stretched out, as if placed by Nature as a shelf for the chin to rest upon.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading He observed, touching this subject, that where there are _materials_ for growth, if any thing does not advance in height, it spreads out like a _fir-tree_,[55] when the top shoot is broken off and it fills wide at the bottom.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading He was short, (which he said was the effect of the poison,) and as broad as long—appearing to grow the wrong way.

Chapter 8 of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3) by Jonah, Sir Barrington holds 377 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 8 holds 377 sentences of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3) by Jonah, Sir Barrington exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 377 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3)?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #49794, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3) take to read?

About 265 minutes of reading across 637 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Personal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sketches
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Personal Sketches of His Own Times, Vol. 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.