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Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea
Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CUTTLE FISH.
Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?
It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.
One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.
It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CUTTLE FISH.
Line 2
Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?
Line 3
It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.
Line 4
One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.
/wʌn saɪd ɪz ˈkʌvərd wɪð ə ˈveri hɑːrd ˈsʌbstəns wɪtʃ stændz aʊt ənd fɔːrmz ə ˈbɔːrdər ɔːl raʊnd bʌt ðə ˈʌðər saɪd wɪtʃ hæz noʊ ˈkʌvərɪŋ ɪz soʊ sɑːft ðæt juː kæn ˈiːzəli skreɪp ɪt ˈɪntuː ˈpaʊdər wɪð jɔːr neɪl/
Line 5
It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bone noun US /boʊn/

rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates

From this reading “Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?”

border noun US /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

covering noun US /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

nail verb US /neɪl/

attach something somewhere by means of nails

From this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

polishing noun US /ˈpɑːlɪʃɪŋ/

the work of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing or waxing it

From this reading “It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.”

powder noun US /ˈpaʊdər/

a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized

From this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

scrape verb US /skreɪp/

scratch repeatedly

From this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

substance noun US /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

picked up verb + adjective counted as “pick up”

take and lift upward

In this reading “It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.”

other side adjective + noun

In this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

hard substance adjective + noun

In this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

often used adverb + adjective

In this reading “It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.”

certain things adjective + noun

In this reading “It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.”

all round adjective + noun

In this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

stands out verb + adjective counted as “stand out”

be highly noticeable

In this reading “One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

bonenounUS /boʊn/

rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates

From this reading Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

CUTTLEnoun

ten-armed oval-bodied cephalopod with narrow fins as long as the body and a large calcareous internal shell

From this reading THE CUTTLE FISH.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?

FISHnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading THE CUTTLE FISH.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

Haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

nailverbUS /neɪl/

attach something somewhere by means of nails

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

pickedverbUS /pɪkt/

past form of “pick” — select carefully from a group

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

polishingnounUS /ˈpɑːlɪʃɪŋ/

the work of making something smooth and shiny by rubbing or waxing it

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

powdernounUS /ˈpaʊdər/

a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

scrapeverbUS /skreɪp/

scratch repeatedly

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

sea-shore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

substancenounUS /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CUTTLE FISH.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

tooth-powder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

tortoise-shell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading It is a flat, white, very light thing, about the shape and size of a small sole, or flat fish, which may be often picked up on the sea-shore.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading It is often used for making tooth-powder, and polishing certain things, such as hard woods and tortoise-shell.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Have you ever seen the bone of a cuttle fish?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading One side is covered with a very hard substance, which stands out and forms a border all round; but the other side, which has no covering, is so soft that you can easily scrape it into powder with your nail.

Chapter 22 of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea by Samuel G. (Samuel Griswold) Goodrich holds 49 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea contain?

Chapter 22 holds 49 sentences of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea by Samuel G. (Samuel Griswold) Goodrich exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 49 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea

Common questions about reading Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea by Samuel G. (Samuel Griswold) Goodrich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea?

Yes. All 1915 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62982 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #62982, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea take to read?

About 159 minutes of reading across 383 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea section by section

How to work through Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea

Words and structures a reader meets early in Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Earth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wilson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Additions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Parley's Wonders of the Earth, Sea; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.