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Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays
Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?
What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?
There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.
There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.
Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?
Line 2
What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?
/wʌt əˈpɑːn ɜːrθ hæz kept hɪm aʊt ʌv ˈpɑːrləmənt ɔːr ɪkˈskluːdəd hɪm frʌm ɔːl ðə ˈɔːfəsəz wens hiː ɪz ɪkˈskluːdəd bʌt hɪz rɪˈspekt fɔːr oʊðz/
Line 3
There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.
/ðer ɪz noʊ lɔː wɪtʃ proʊˈhɪbəts ə ˈkæθlɪk tuː sɪt ɪn ˈpɑːrləmənt/
Line 4
There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.
/ðer kʊd biː noʊ sʌtʃ lɔː bɪˈkɔːz ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl tuː faɪnd aʊt wʌt ˈpæsəz ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ʌv ˈeni mænz maɪnd/
Line 5
Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oathagainst that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contended verb US /kənˈtendɪd/

past form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading “Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.”

decimation noun US /ˈdesəmeɪʃən/

destroying or killing a large part of the population (literally every tenth person as chosen by lot)

From this reading “Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.”

enumerate verb US /ɪˈnuːməreɪt/

specify individually

From this reading “Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.”

exclude verb US /ɪkˈskluːd/

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.”

fervid adjective US /ˈfɜːrvəd/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading “Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.”

legality noun US /liˈɡæləti/

lawfulness by virtue of conformity to a legal statute

From this reading “Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.”

pigeon noun US /ˈpɪdʒən/

wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs

From this reading “Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.”

prohibits verb US /proʊˈhɪbəts/

third-person singular of “prohibit” — command against

From this reading “There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

ABRAHAMnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

abstractverbUS /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

appropriateverbUS /əˈproʊpriət/

give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

calfnounUS /kæf/

young of domestic cattle

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

contemplationnounUS /ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃən/

a long and thoughtful observation

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

contendedverbUS /kənˈtendɪd/

past form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

damnableadjective

deserving a curse

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

decimationnounUS /ˈdesəmeɪʃən/

destroying or killing a large part of the population (literally every tenth person as chosen by lot)

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

discoveringverbUS /dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ/

-ing form of “discover” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

duckverbUS /dʌk/

to move (the head or body) quickly downwards or away

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

enumerateverbUS /ɪˈnuːməreɪt/

specify individually

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

excludeverbUS /ɪkˈskluːd/

prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

excludedverbUS /ɪkˈskluːdəd/

past form of “exclude” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

fervidadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrvəd/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

lambnounUS /læm/

young sheep

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

lawfuladjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfəl/

conformable to or allowed by law

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

lawyersnounUS /ˈlɔːjərz/

plural of “lawyer” — a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

legalitynounUS /liˈɡæləti/

lawfulness by virtue of conformity to a legal statute

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

oathnounUS /oʊθ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

oathsnounUS /oʊðz/

plural of “oath” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

officesnounUS /ˈɔːfəsəz/

plural of “office” — place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

oxnounUS /ɑːks/

an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

pigeonnounUS /ˈpɪdʒən/

wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

prohibitsverbUS /proʊˈhɪbəts/

third-person singular of “prohibit” — command against

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

subduct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading There could be no such law; because it is impossible to find out what passes in the interior of any man’s mind.

SupposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

tenthnounUS /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

tithes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading What upon earth has kept him out of Parliament, or excluded him from all the offices whence he is excluded, but his respect for oaths?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is no law which prohibits a Catholic to sit in Parliament.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—The Catholic not respect an oath! why not?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Suppose it were in contemplation to exclude all men from certain offices who contended for the legality of taking tithes: the only mode of discovering that fervid love of decimation which I know you to possess would be to tender you an oath “against that damnable doctrine, that it is lawful for a spiritual man to take, abstract, appropriate, subduct, or lead away the tenth calf, sheep, lamb, ox, pigeon, duck,” &c., &c., &c., and every other animal that ever existed, which of course the lawyers would take care to enumerate.

Chapter 2 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays by Sydney Smith holds 87 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays contain?

Chapter 2 holds 87 sentences of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays by Sydney Smith exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 87 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Vocabulary met early in Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Abraham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Worthier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Better
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Yourself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.