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Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays
Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.
_Heu vatum ignar mentes_.
These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.
Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.
You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.
Line 2
_Heu vatum ignar mentes_.
Line 3
These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.
Line 4
Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.
Line 5
You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.
/juː wɪl seɪ ðə ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə hoʊl ʌv ðɪs ˈpɪriəd hæz rɪˈzɜːrvd tuː ˌɪtˈself ðə dɪˈskreʃən ʌv səˈspendɪŋ ɔːr nɑːt səˈspendɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annually adverb US /ˈænjuːəli/

without missing a year

From this reading “DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.”

breaches noun US /ˈbriːtʃɪz/

plural of “breach” — a failure to perform some promised act or obligation

From this reading “Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.”

indemnity noun US /ˌɪnˈdemnəti/

protection against future loss

From this reading “DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.”

informers noun US /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “informer” — one who reveals confidential information in return for money

From this reading “Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.”

pardons noun US /ˈpɑːrdənz/

plural of “pardon” — the act of excusing a mistake or offense

From this reading “Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.”

repeal noun US /rɪˈpiːl/

the act of abrogating; an official or legal cancellation

From this reading “DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.”

soundness noun US /ˈsaʊndnəs/

a state or condition free from damage or decay

From this reading “These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.”

suspending verb US /səˈspendɪŋ/

-ing form of “suspend” — hang freely

From this reading “You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

ABRAHAMnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

ActsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

annuallyadverbUS /ˈænjuːəli/

without missing a year

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

arrivesverbUS /ərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

billnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

billsnounUS /bɪlz/

plural of “bill” — a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

breachesnounUS /ˈbriːtʃɪz/

plural of “breach” — a failure to perform some promised act or obligation

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

bulwarks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

clergymannounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimən/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

conclusionnounUS /kənˈkluːʒən/

a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

CorporationnounUS /ˌkɔːrpərˈeɪʃən/

a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

discretionnounUS /dɪˈskreʃən/

freedom to act or judge on one's own

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

Heu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Heu vatum ignar mentes_.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

ignar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Heu vatum ignar mentes_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

indemnitynounUS /ˌɪnˈdemnəti/

protection against future loss

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

informersnounUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “informer” — one who reveals confidential information in return for money

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

legislaturenounUS /ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər/

persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

mentes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Heu vatum ignar mentes_.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

moment'snounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

possessive form of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

operationnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

the state of being in effect or being operative

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

pardonsnounUS /ˈpɑːrdənz/

plural of “pardon” — the act of excusing a mistake or offense

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

parsonnounUS /ˈpɑːrsən/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

penaladjectiveUS /ˈpiːnəl/

of or relating to punishment

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

penaltiesnounUS /ˈpenəltiz/

plural of “penalty” — the act of punishing

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

preventsverbUS /prɪˈvents/

third-person singular of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

repealnounUS /rɪˈpiːl/

the act of abrogating; an official or legal cancellation

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

reservedadjectiveUS /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

set aside for the use of a particular person or party

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

sixty-fouradjective

being four more than sixty

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

soundnessnounUS /ˈsaʊndnəs/

a state or condition free from damage or decay

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

suspendingverbUS /səˈspendɪŋ/

-ing form of “suspend” — hang freely

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

TestnounUS /test/

trying something to find out about it

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

thinksnounUS /θɪŋks/

plural of “think” — an instance of deliberate thinking

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

vatum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Heu vatum ignar mentes_.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading These bulwarks, without which no clergyman thinks he could sleep with his accustomed soundness, have actually not been in existence since any man now living has taken holy orders.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Every year the Indemnity Act pardons past breaches of these two laws, and prevents any fresh actions of informers from coming to a conclusion before the period for the next indemnity bill arrives; so that these penalties, by which alone the Church remains in existence, have not had one moment’s operation for sixty-four years.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading DEAR ABRAHAM,—I never met a parson in my life who did not consider the Corporation and Test Acts as the great bulwarks of the Church; and yet it is now just sixty-four years since bills of indemnity to destroy their penal effects, or, in other words, to repeal them, have been passed annually as a matter of course.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You will say the legislature, during the whole of this period, has reserved to itself the discretion of suspending or not suspending.

Chapter 5 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays by Sydney Smith holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays contain?

Chapter 5 holds 92 sentences of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays by Sydney Smith exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays by Sydney Smith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #4063, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 116 minutes of reading across 281 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Abraham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Worthier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Better
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Yourself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Peter Plymley's Letters, and Selected Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.