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Petticoat Rule
Petticoat Rule

Chapter XIV

Cover illustration for Petticoat Rule
Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.
Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.
The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.
Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.
Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Petticoat Rule

Chapter XIV

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.
Line 2
Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.
Line 3
The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.
Line 4
Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.
Line 5
Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.”

Herself pronoun US /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading “The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.”

Retired verb US /rɪˈtaɪərd/

went away to a private place

From this reading “The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.”

Step noun US /step/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.”

Whilst conjunction US /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading “Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

Apparently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

armchair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

barrier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

belle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

circle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

coat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

composed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

Contrôleur's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

Contrôleur-Général

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

conversation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

Courtenai

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

courtiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

dared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.

de

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

discreetly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

dropped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

emptiness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

engaged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

FAVOURS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

flooring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

graciousness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

group

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

Hardly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

including

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

inner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

Irène

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

King

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

la

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

ladies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

lately

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

le

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

M

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

Majesty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

Mme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

Monseigneur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

Once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

parquet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

Pompadour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

precincts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.

retiredverbUS /rɪˈtaɪərd/

went away to a private place

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

round

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once more there was a barrier of emptiness and parquet flooring round the inner group, now composed of His Majesty, of M. le Contrôleur-Général, and of Mme. de Pompadour.

ROYAL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

sacred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

shoulders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

stepnounUS /step/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

vacated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

well-drilled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The well-drilled circle of courtiers and ladies, including la belle Irène herself, retired discreetly.

whilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading Hardly was the coat on M. le Contrôleur's shoulders than the King engaged him in conversation, whilst Mme. de Pompadour dropped into the armchair lately vacated by Monseigneur de Courtenai.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading ROYAL FAVOURS Apparently there was to be no end to royal graciousness this morning, as every one who looked could see.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Into these sacred precincts no one would have dared to step.