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Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver
Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.
She had not neglected the education of her children.
The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.
The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.
The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.
/ðer ɪz ˌhaʊˈevər ə stɪl mɔːr ˌsætəˈsfæktri ˌekspləˈneɪʃən ʌv ðɪs ˈsɜːrkəmstæns tuː biː ˈɡɪvən/
Line 2
She had not neglected the education of her children.
/ʃiː hæd nɑːt nəˈɡlektəd ðə ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən ʌv hɜːr ˈtʃɪldrən/
Line 3
The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.
/ðə ˈeldəst wɑːz naʊ æn ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt bɔɪ ənd ə smɑːrt əˈkaʊntənt huː θæŋks tuː hɪz ˈmæstər hæd bɪn tɔːt tuː kiːp ðer bʊks baɪ ˈdʌbəl ˈentri/
Line 4
The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.
/ðə ˈsekənd wɑːz ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnˈfɪriər tuː hɪm æz ə klɜːrk ðoʊ æz ə ˈdʒenərəl ˈdiːlər hiː wɑːz fɑːr hɪz suːˈpɪriər/
Line 5
The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accompanying adjective US /əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading “The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.”

accountant noun US /əˈkaʊntənt/

someone who maintains and audits business accounts

From this reading “The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.”

dealer noun US /ˈdiːlər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.”

Entry noun US /ˈentri/

an item inserted in a written record

From this reading “The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.”

imbibed verb US /ɪmˈbaɪbd/

past form of “imbibe” — take in, also metaphorically

From this reading “The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.”

principally adverb US /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading “The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.”

tact noun US /tækt/

consideration in dealing with others and avoiding giving offense

From this reading “The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.”

transactions noun US /trænˈzækʃənz/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading “The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

accompanyingadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpəniɪŋ/

occurring with or following as a consequence

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

accountantnounUS /əˈkaʊntənt/

someone who maintains and audits business accounts

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

bargain-making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

counternounUS /ˈkaʊntər/

table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

dealernounUS /ˈdiːlər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

DoubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

eldestadjectiveUS /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

EntrynounUS /ˈentri/

an item inserted in a written record

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

imbibedverbUS /ɪmˈbaɪbd/

past form of “imbibe” — take in, also metaphorically

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

neglectedadjectiveUS /nəˈɡlektəd/

disregarded

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

principallyadverbUS /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

satisfactoryadjectiveUS /ˌsætəˈsfæktri/

giving satisfaction

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

smartadjectiveUS /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

tactnounUS /tækt/

consideration in dealing with others and avoiding giving offense

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

thanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She had not neglected the education of her children.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The second was little inferior to him as a clerk, though as a general dealer he was far his superior.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There is, however, a still more satisfactory explanation of this circumstance to be given.

transactionsnounUS /trænˈzækʃənz/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

whilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The eldest was now an intelligent boy, and a smart accountant, who, thanks to his master, had been taught to keep their books by Double Entry.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading The eldest had been principally behind the counter; whilst the younger, in accompanying his mother in all her transactions and bargain-making, had in a great measure imbibed her address and tact.

Chapter 4 of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver by William Carleton holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver contain?

Chapter 4 holds 412 sentences of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver by William Carleton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver

Common questions about reading Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver by William Carleton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver?

Yes. All 2821 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16015 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16015, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver take to read?

About 235 minutes of reading across 565 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver section by section

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Vocabulary met early in Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver

Words and structures a reader meets early in Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Purcel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Singular
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Character
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Never
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Phil Purcel, The Pig-Driver; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.