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Philip Dru: Administrator
Philip Dru: Administrator

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Philip Dru: Administrator is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.
By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.
By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.
The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.
He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Philip Dru: Administrator

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Philip Dru: Administrator is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.
Line 2
By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.
Line 3
By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.
/baɪ ðer nəˈferiəs ˈmeθədz ʌv ˈtʃɑːrdʒɪŋ ðə ˈmæksəməm ˈliːɡəl reɪt ʌv ˈɪntrəst ənd ðen ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ ə kəˈmɪʃən fɔːr ˈmʌnθli rɪˈnuːəlz ʌv loʊnz ðə puːr ənd ðə dɪˈpendənt wɜːr ˈɔːfəntaɪmz meɪd tuː peɪ ˈsevrəl ˈhʌndrəd pɜːr sent ˈɪntrəst pɜːr ˈænəm/
Line 4
The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.
/ðə ˈkrɪmənəl koʊd wɑːz tuː biː ˌɪnˈvoʊkt ənd proʊˈtræktɪd tɜːrmz ɪn ˈprɪzən ɪn əˈdɪʃən tuː faɪnz wɜːr tuː biː juːzd əˈɡenst ðem/
Line 5
He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

extortionate adjective US /ekˈstɔːrʃənət/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading “He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.”

fines noun US /faɪnz/

plural of “fine” — money extracted as a penalty

From this reading “The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.”

loans noun US /loʊnz/

plural of “loan” — the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)

From this reading “By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.”

maximum noun US /ˈmæksəməm/

the largest possible quantity

From this reading “By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.”

modeling noun US /ˈmɑːdəlɪŋ/

sculpture produced by molding

From this reading “THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.”

nefarious adjective US /nəˈferiəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading “By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.”

renewals noun US /rɪˈnuːəlz/

plural of “renewal” — the conversion of wasteland into land suitable for use of habitation or cultivation

From this reading “By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.”

subterfuge noun US /ˈsʌbtərfjuːdʒ/

something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity

From this reading “By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

advancesnounUS /ədˈvænsəz/

plural of “advance” — a movement forward

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

annumnounUS /ˈænəm/

(Latin) year

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

boardsnounUS /bɔːrdz/

(used in the plural) the stage of a theater

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

centnounUS /sent/

a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

chargingverbUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “charge” — to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

codenounUS /koʊd/

a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

commissionnounUS /kəˈmɪʃən/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

CORNERnounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

COTTONnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

Dru

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

employersnounUS /emˈplɔɪərz/

plural of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

exactingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

having complicated nutritional requirements; especially growing only in special artificial cultures

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

extortionateadjectiveUS /ekˈstɔːrʃənət/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

finesnounUS /faɪnz/

plural of “fine” — money extracted as a penalty

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

incommensurateadjective

not corresponding in size or degree or extent

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

invokedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvoʊkt/

past form of “invoke” — summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

lesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

loannounUS /loʊn/

the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

loansnounUS /loʊnz/

plural of “loan” — the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

lumbermen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

maximumnounUS /ˈmæksəməm/

the largest possible quantity

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

mine-owners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

modelingnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlɪŋ/

sculpture produced by molding

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

monthlynounUS /ˈmʌnθli/

a periodical that is published every month (or 12 issues per year)

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

necessitiesnounUS /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

nefariousadjectiveUS /nəˈferiəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

oftentimesadverbUS /ˈɔːfəntaɪmz/

many times at short intervals

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

pricesnounUS /ˈpraɪsəz/

plural of “price” — the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

protractedadjectiveUS /proʊˈtræktɪd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

renewalsnounUS /rɪˈnuːəlz/

plural of “renewal” — the conversion of wasteland into land suitable for use of habitation or cultivation

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

securingverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

sharksnounUS /ʃɑːrks/

plural of “shark” — any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

so-calledadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊˈkɔːld/

doubtful or suspect

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

subterfugenounUS /ˈsʌbtərfjuːdʒ/

something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

tenantsnounUS /ˈtenənts/

plural of “tenant” — someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading By their nefarious methods of charging the maximum legal rate of interest and then exacting a commission for monthly renewals of loans, the poor and the dependent were oftentimes made to pay several hundred per cent. interest per annum.

thereforadverb

(in formal usage, especially legal usage) for that or for it

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

usuriousadjective

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading By no sort of subterfuge were they to be permitted to be usurious.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The criminal code was to be invoked and protracted terms in prison, in addition to fines, were to be used against them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE COTTON CORNER In modeling the laws, Dru called to the attention of those boards that were doing that work, the so-called "loan sharks," and told them to deal with them with a heavy hand.

workmennounUS /ˈwɜːrkmɪn/

plural of “workman” — an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading He also called attention to a lesser, though serious, evil, of the practice of farmers, mine-owners, lumbermen and other employers of ignorant labor, of making advances of food, clothing and similar necessities to their tenants or workmen, and charging them extortionate prices therefor, thus securing the use of their labor at a cost entirely incommensurate with its value.

Chapter 28 of Philip Dru: Administrator by Edward Mandell House holds 22 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Philip Dru: Administrator contain?

Chapter 28 holds 22 sentences of Philip Dru: Administrator, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Philip Dru: Administrator by Edward Mandell House exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 22 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Philip Dru: Administrator?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Philip Dru: Administrator

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Is this the complete text of Philip Dru: Administrator?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6711, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Philip Dru: Administrator take to read?

About 191 minutes of reading across 459 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Philip Dru: Administrator

Words and structures a reader meets early in Philip Dru: Administrator, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philip
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Dru: Administrator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Finished
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Dru: Administrator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Speaking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Dru: Administrator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gloria
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Dru: Administrator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.