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Philip Massinger
Philip Massinger

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Philip Massinger is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
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Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.
Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.
The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.
In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.
The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Philip Massinger

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Philip Massinger is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.
/ˈsʌmtaɪm ˈskɒl.ər ənd ˈfeloʊ ʌv nuː ˈkɑːlɪdʒ ˈɑːksfərd ˈkænən ʌv ˈdɜːrəm ənd prəˈfesər ʌv ɡriːk ənd ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪtərətʃər ɪn ðə ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti ʌv ˈdɜːrəm ɪn kənˈfesɪŋ ðæt ðə wɔːr meɪd miː raɪt ə bʊk aɪ duː nɑːt stænd əˈloʊn/
Line 2
Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.
Line 3
The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.
/ðə dɪˈzaɪn ˈwaɪdənd æz ɪt went ɑːn ənd wɑːz ðen ˈkɑːntræktəd/
Line 4
In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.
Line 5
The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Classical adjective US /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading “Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.”

confessing verb US /kənˈfesɪŋ/

-ing form of “confess” — confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading “Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.”

confine verb US /kənˈfaɪn/

place limits on (extent or amount or access)

From this reading “In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.”

defects noun US /ˈdiːfekts/

plural of “defect” — an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading “Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.”

digesting verb US /daɪˈdʒestɪŋ/

-ing form of “digest” — convert food into absorbable substances

From this reading “In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.”

Durham noun US /ˈdɜːrəm/

a city of north central North Carolina; site of Duke University

From this reading “Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.”

publish verb US /ˈpʌblɪʃ/

put into print

From this reading “The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.”

widened verb US /ˈwaɪdənd/

past form of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading “The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

write a book verb + article + noun counted as “write … book”

In this reading “Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.”

stand alone verb + adjective

In this reading “Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.”

went on verb + particle counted as “go on”

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

In this reading “The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.”

In the end preposition + article + noun counted as “in … end”

eventually or after a lengthy period of time

In this reading “In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

CanonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

Clarendon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

ClassicaladjectiveUS /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

confessingverbUS /kənˈfesɪŋ/

-ing form of “confess” — confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

confineverbUS /kənˈfaɪn/

place limits on (extent or amount or access)

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

contractedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntræktəd/

reduced in size or pulled together

From this reading The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

defectsnounUS /ˈdiːfekts/

plural of “defect” — an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.

digestingverbUS /daɪˈdʒestɪŋ/

-ing form of “digest” — convert food into absorbable substances

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

dramatists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

DurhamnounUS /ˈdɜːrəm/

a city of north central North Carolina; site of Duke University

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

FellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

fixverbUS /fɪks/

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

Massinger's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

PressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

publishverbUS /ˈpʌblɪʃ/

put into print

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

releaseverbUS /riˈliːs/

release, as from one's grip

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

ScholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

SensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

SometimeadverbUS /ˈsʌmtaɪm/

at some indefinite or unstated time

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

undertookverbUS /ˌʌndərˈtʊk/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

war-work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Clarendon Press undertook to publish this book, but as, owing to war-work, they could fix no date, I asked them to release me.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

widenedverbUS /ˈwaɪdənd/

past form of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive

From this reading The design widened as it went on, and was then contracted.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

wiseradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzər/

comparative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading In the end I thought it wiser to confine myself to digesting the knowledge which I had of Massinger’s text.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Sensible as I am of its defects, I trust it will help to spread the knowledge of Massinger’s works, and will invite others to deal on similar lines with the other dramatists of the great age.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Sometime Scholar and Fellow of New College, Oxford Canon of Durham, and Professor of Greek and Classical Literature, in the University of Durham In confessing that the war made me write a book I do not stand alone.

Chapter 1 of Philip Massinger by Alfred Hamilton Cruickshank holds 428 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Philip Massinger contain?

Chapter 1 holds 428 sentences of Philip Massinger, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Philip Massinger by Alfred Hamilton Cruickshank exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 428 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Philip Massinger?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Philip Massinger

Common questions about reading Philip Massinger by Alfred Hamilton Cruickshank on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Philip Massinger?

Yes. All 4295 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35365 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Philip Massinger is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35365, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Philip Massinger take to read?

About 357 minutes of reading across 859 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Philip Massinger section by section

How to work through Philip Massinger section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Philip Massinger to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Philip Massinger

Words and structures a reader meets early in Philip Massinger, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sometime
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Massinger; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scholar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Massinger; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Massinger; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
College
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Philip Massinger; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.