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Physiology of the Opera
Physiology of the Opera

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Physiology of the Opera is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Of the Primo Basso.
"And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;
* * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."
BYRON.
The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Physiology of the Opera

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Physiology of the Opera is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Of the Primo Basso.
/ʌv ðə ˈpriːmoʊ ˈbæsoʊ/
Line 2
"And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;
/ənd fɔːr ðə bæs ðə biːst kæn ˈoʊnli ˈbeloʊ/
Line 3
* * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."
Line 4
BYRON.
/ˈbaɪrən/
Line 5
The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bass noun US /bæs/

the lowest part of the musical range

From this reading “"And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;”

Basso noun US /ˈbæsoʊ/

an adult male singer with the lowest voice

From this reading “Of the Primo Basso.”

bellow noun US /ˈbeloʊ/

a very loud utterance (like the sound of an animal)

From this reading “"And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;”

bounding verb US /ˈbaʊndɪŋ/

-ing form of “bound” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading “The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.”

precision noun US /priˈsɪʒən/

the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance

From this reading “The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.”

primo noun US /ˈpriːmoʊ/

the principal part of a duet (especially a piano duet)

From this reading “Of the Primo Basso.”

racer noun US /ˈreɪsər/

someone who drives racing cars at high speeds

From this reading “The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.”

timeless adjective US /ˈtaɪmləs/

unaffected by time

From this reading “* * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most fearful adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.”

whole pages adjective + noun counted as “whole page”

In this reading “The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading * * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;

bassnounUS /bæs/

the lowest part of the musical range

From this reading "And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;

BassonounUS /ˈbæsoʊ/

an adult male singer with the lowest voice

From this reading Of the Primo Basso.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading "And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;

bellownounUS /ˈbeloʊ/

a very loud utterance (like the sound of an animal)

From this reading "And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;

boundingverbUS /ˈbaʊndɪŋ/

-ing form of “bound” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

BYRONnounUS /ˈbaɪrən/

English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)

From this reading BYRON.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading "And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;

capering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

chromatics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

curvetting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

draughtnounUS /dræft/

a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading * * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

IgnorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading * * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."

intervalsnounUS /ˈɪntərvəlz/

plural of “interval” — a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

musicaladjectiveUS /ˈmjuːzɪkəl/

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

noteless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of the Primo Basso.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading "And for the bass, the beast can only bellow;

operanounUS /ˈɑːprə/

a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

precisionnounUS /priˈsɪʒən/

the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

PrimonounUS /ˈpriːmoʊ/

the principal part of a duet (especially a piano duet)

From this reading Of the Primo Basso.

racernounUS /ˈreɪsər/

someone who drives racing cars at high speeds

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

tenore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Of the Primo Basso.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

timelessadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪmləs/

unaffected by time

From this reading * * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

tunelessadjective

not having a musical sound or pleasing tune

From this reading * * * * * An Ignorant, noteless, timeless, tuneless fellow."

unerringadjective

not liable to error

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

whilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Primo Basso is to the primo tenore what the draught horse is to the racer; drawing along the heavy business of an opera, whilst the other goes capering and curvetting through whole pages of chromatics, and runs bounding with unerring precision over the most fearful musical intervals.

Chapter 4 of Physiology of the Opera by -1891 Scrici holds 29 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Physiology of the Opera contain?

Chapter 4 holds 29 sentences of Physiology of the Opera, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Physiology of the Opera by -1891 Scrici exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 29 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Physiology of the Opera?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Physiology of the Opera

Common questions about reading Physiology of the Opera by -1891 Scrici on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Physiology of the Opera?

Yes. All 566 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31880 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Physiology of the Opera is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31880, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Physiology of the Opera take to read?

About 47 minutes of reading across 114 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Physiology of the Opera section by section

How to work through Physiology of the Opera section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Physiology of the Opera to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Physiology of the Opera

Words and structures a reader meets early in Physiology of the Opera, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Smooth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reading
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Haviour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.