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Physiology of the Opera
Physiology of the Opera

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Physiology of the Opera is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Physiology of the Opera
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Before the Curtain.
"A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.
The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.
The gas lights are just discernible from corner to corner.
The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Physiology of the Opera

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Physiology of the Opera is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Before the Curtain.
/bɪˈfɔːr ðə ˈkɜːrtən/
Line 2
"A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.
Line 3
The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.
Line 4
The gas lights are just discernible from corner to corner.
/ðə ɡæs laɪts ɑːr dʒʌst dɪˈsɜːrnəbəl frʌm ˈkɔːrnər tuː ˈkɔːrnər/
Line 5
The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

decked verb US /dekt/

past form of “deck” — be beautiful to look at

From this reading “The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.”

decreasing adjective US /dɪˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming less or smaller

From this reading “The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.”

discernible adjective US /dɪˈsɜːrnəbəl/

perceptible by the senses or intellect

From this reading “The gas lights are just discernible from corner to corner.”

exhilarating adjective US /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

making lively and cheerful

From this reading “The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.”

flakes noun US /fleɪks/

plural of “flake” — a crystal of snow

From this reading “The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.”

frigid adjective US /ˈfrɪdʒəd/

sexually unresponsive

From this reading “The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.”

sandwich noun US /ˈsændwɪtʃ/

two (or more) slices of bread with a filling between them

From this reading “"A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.”

winter's noun US /ˈwɪntərz/

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading “"A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

like lightning verb + noun

In this reading “The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.”

merry company adjective + noun

In this reading “The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.”

winter's night noun + noun counted as “winter night”

In this reading “"A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.”

Of claret preposition + noun

In this reading “"A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.”

in the streets preposition + article + noun counted as “in … street”

In this reading “The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.”

in the snow preposition + article + noun counted as “in … snow”

In this reading “The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.”

by two preposition + noun

In this reading “The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

appetitenounUS /ˈæpətaɪt/

a feeling of craving something

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before the Curtain.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

BYRONnounUS /ˈbaɪrən/

English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

certes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

claretnoun

a dark purplish-red color

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading The gas lights are just discernible from corner to corner.

CurtainnounUS /ˈkɜːrtən/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading Before the Curtain.

dashingadjectiveUS /ˈdæʃɪŋ/

lively and spirited

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

deckedverbUS /dekt/

past form of “deck” — be beautiful to look at

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

decreasingadjectiveUS /dɪˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming less or smaller

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

discernibleadjectiveUS /dɪˈsɜːrnəbəl/

perceptible by the senses or intellect

From this reading The gas lights are just discernible from corner to corner.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

exhilaratingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

making lively and cheerful

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

flakesnounUS /fleɪks/

plural of “flake” — a crystal of snow

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

foot-fall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

frigidadjectiveUS /ˈfrɪdʒəd/

sexually unresponsive

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

fursnounUS /fɜːrz/

plural of “fur” — the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

gailyadverbUS /ˈɡeɪli/

in a gay manner

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

gasnounUS /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

high-headed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The gas lights are just discernible from corner to corner.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

lightningnounUS /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading The gas lights are just discernible from corner to corner.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

litadjectiveUS /lɪt/

provided with artificial light

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

morrownounUS /ˈmɑːroʊ/

the next day

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

muffledadjectiveUS /ˈmʌfəld/

being or made softer or less loud or clear

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

neatadjectiveUS /niːt/

clean or organized

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

sandwichnounUS /ˈsændwɪtʃ/

two (or more) slices of bread with a filling between them

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

sleighnounUS /sleɪ/

a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

sleighing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

snugadjectiveUS /snʌɡ/

offering safety; well protected or concealed

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Before the Curtain.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The number of people in the streets is steadily decreasing, and the sound of their foot-fall is muffled in the snow.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

trimmedadjectiveUS /trɪmd/

made neat and tidy by trimming

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

trotters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The night is a cold one; the snow is falling in large, heavy flakes, and those who are fond of the frigid, but exhilarating amusement of sleighing, are in hopes that by the morrow they will be able to pass like lightning from one part of the city to the other; in a sleigh decked with warm, gaily trimmed furs; filled with a merry company, and drawn by two high-headed, dashing trotters.

winter'snounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "A neat, snug study on a winter's night; A book, friend, single lady, or a glass Of claret, sandwich, and an appetite, Are things which make an English evening pass, Though _certes_ by no means so grand a sight, As is a theatre, lit up with gas."--BYRON.

Chapter 8 of Physiology of the Opera by -1891 Scrici holds 74 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Physiology of the Opera contain?

Chapter 8 holds 74 sentences of Physiology of the Opera, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Physiology of the Opera by -1891 Scrici exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 74 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Physiology of the Opera?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Physiology of the Opera

Common questions about reading Physiology of the Opera by -1891 Scrici on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Physiology of the Opera?

Yes. All 566 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31880 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Physiology of the Opera is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31880, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Physiology of the Opera take to read?

About 47 minutes of reading across 114 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Physiology of the Opera section by section

How to work through Physiology of the Opera section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Physiology of the Opera

Words and structures a reader meets early in Physiology of the Opera, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Smooth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reading
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Haviour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Physiology of the Opera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.