Chapter I · Chapter 1

plural of “acknowledgment” — the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

later than; following

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

plural of “artist” — a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

having authority or ascendancy or influence

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

a digestible substance used to give color to food

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

plural of “compiler” — a person who compiles information (as for reference purposes)

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

not carefully or expertly made

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

cause to move by pulling

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

a social unit living together

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

past form of “hollow” — remove the inner part or the core of

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

an agency of the United Nations affiliated with the World Bank

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

the force of workers available

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

by chance

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

having a point

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

works for an expert to learn a trade

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

past form of “quote” — repeat a passage from

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Man's inclination to decorate his belongings has always been one of the earliest signs of civilisation.

make square

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

plural of “utensil” — an implement for practical use (especially in a household)

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The most that artists of that day succeeded in doing was to preserve the fashions of the time.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Among the first serious efforts to draw were the Egyptian square and pointed things, animals and men.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Art had its beginning in the lines indented in clay, perhaps, or hollowed in the wood of family utensils; after that came crude colouring and drawing.

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Besides making acknowledgments to the many authoritative writers upon artists and pictures, here quoted, thanks are due to such excellent compilers of books on art subjects as Sadakichi Hartmann, Muther, C. H. Caffin, Ida Prentice Whitcomb, Russell Sturgis and others.