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Pictures from English History
Pictures from English History

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Pictures from English History is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.
You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.
Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.
Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."
"Was the prisoner old or young, Mary?" asked Louisa.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pictures from English History

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Pictures from English History is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.
Line 2
You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.
/juː mʌst ˌɪˈmædʒən ə kɔːrt ʌv lɔː ðə dʒʌdʒ reɪzd ɑːn ə haɪ siːt wɪð ɔːl ðə ˈlɔːjərz raʊnd hɪm hiː lʊks sæd jet fɜːrm/
Line 3
Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.
/bɪˈfɔːr hɪm stændz ə ˈrɔɪəli drest jʌŋ mæn ɪn ðə ækt ʌv ˈdrɔːɪŋ hɪz sɔːrd hɪz feɪs ˈbiːmɪŋ wɪð ˈæŋɡər ənd ə ˈhɔːti dɪˈfaɪɪŋ lʊk ɑːn hɪz praʊd maʊθ/
Line 4
Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."
/ˈɔːfəsərz ʌv ˈdʒʌstəs ɑːr sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ hɪm ənd əˈnʌðər ˈprɪzənər stændz nɪr/
Line 5
"Was the prisoner old or young, Mary?" asked Louisa.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beaming adjective US /ˈbiːmɪŋ/

cheerful and bright

From this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

defying verb US /dɪˈfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

haughty adjective US /ˈhɔːti/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

lawyers noun US /ˈlɔːjərz/

plural of “lawyer” — a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading “You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.”

Mama noun US /ˈmɑːmə/

informal terms for a mother

From this reading “"Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.”

royally adverb US /ˈrɔɪəli/

in a royal manner

From this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

securing verb US /sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading “Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."”

stands noun US /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

high seat adjective + noun

In this reading “You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.”

with anger preposition + noun

In this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

act of verb + particle

In this reading “Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

angernounUS /ˈæŋɡər/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading "Was the prisoner old or young, Mary?" asked Louisa.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

beamingadjectiveUS /ˈbiːmɪŋ/

cheerful and bright

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

defyingverbUS /dɪˈfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

haughtyadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːti/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

lawyersnounUS /ˈlɔːjərz/

plural of “lawyer” — a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

Louisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Was the prisoner old or young, Mary?" asked Louisa.

MamanounUS /ˈmɑːmə/

informal terms for a mother

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

OfficersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "Was the prisoner old or young, Mary?" asked Louisa.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "Was the prisoner old or young, Mary?" asked Louisa.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

prisonernounUS /ˈprɪzənər/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

royallyadverbUS /ˈrɔɪəli/

in a royal manner

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

securingverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Officers of justice are securing him, and another prisoner stands near."

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

to-night

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

Wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Was the prisoner old or young, Mary?" asked Louisa.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "Mama," said Mary, one evening, "I have been reading a story to-day, which shall be my picture to-night.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You must imagine a court of law, the judge raised on a high seat with all the lawyers round him; he looks sad yet firm.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Before him stands a royally dressed young man in the act of drawing his sword, his face beaming with anger, and a haughty defying look on his proud mouth.

Chapter 7 of Pictures from English History by Anonymous holds 77 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Pictures from English History contain?

Chapter 7 holds 77 sentences of Pictures from English History, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Pictures from English History by Anonymous exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 77 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Pictures from English History?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pictures from English History

Common questions about reading Pictures from English History by Anonymous on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pictures from English History?

Yes. All 911 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59725 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pictures from English History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59725, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pictures from English History take to read?

About 75 minutes of reading across 183 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Pictures from English History section by section

How to work through Pictures from English History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Pictures from English History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Pictures from English History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pictures from English History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pictures from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pictures from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Engravings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pictures from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Binns
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pictures from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.