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Plants and their children
Plants and their children

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Plants and their children is here in full — 295 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Plants and their children
Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).
You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.
This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.
If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.
Now, what is the use of such a root as this?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Plants and their children

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Plants and their children is here in full — 295 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).
Line 2
You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.
/juː siː ðæt ðə ruːt ɡroʊz ˈdaʊnwərd frʌm ðə ˈloʊər pɑːrt ʌv ðə stem/
Line 3
This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.
Line 4
If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.
Line 5
Now, what is the use of such a root as this?
/naʊ wʌt ɪz ðə juːs ʌv sʌtʃ ə ruːt æz ðɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bean noun US /biːn/

any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food

From this reading “ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).”

downward adjective US /ˈdaʊnwərd/

extending or moving from a higher to a lower place

From this reading “You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.”

Fig noun US /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading “ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).”

hairs noun US /herz/

plural of “hair” — a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading “ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).”

root noun US /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading “ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).”

roots noun US /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading “If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.”

stem noun US /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading “You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.”

threads noun US /θredz/

informal terms for clothing

From this reading “This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

lower part verb + noun

In this reading “You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.”

look at verb + particle

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).”

pull up verb + adjective

come to a halt after driving somewhere

In this reading “ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

108

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Now, what is the use of such a root as this?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

beannounUS /biːn/

any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

bunchnounUS /bʌntʃ/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

CarefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

downwardadjectiveUS /ˈdaʊnwərd/

extending or moving from a higher to a lower place

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

FignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

growsverbUS /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

HAIRSnounUS /herz/

plural of “hair” — a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now, what is the use of such a root as this?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, what is the use of such a root as this?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

pullverbUS /pʊl/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

ROOTnounUS /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

stemnounUS /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Now, what is the use of such a root as this?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

thread-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

threadsnounUS /θredz/

informal terms for clothing

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

tinyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪni/

very small

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If you look at these thread-like roots in a good light, perhaps you may be able to see growing from them a quantity of tiny hairs.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Now, what is the use of such a root as this?

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading This bean root looks not unlike a bunch of dirty threads, some quite thick, others very thin.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Now, what is the use of such a root as this?

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You see that the root grows downward from the lower part of the stem.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading ROOT HAIRS Carefully pull up one of your bean plants and look at its root (Fig. 108).

Chapter 4 of Plants and their children by Frances Theodora Parsons holds 295 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Plants and their children contain?

Chapter 4 holds 295 sentences of Plants and their children, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Plants and their children by Frances Theodora Parsons exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 295 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Plants and their children?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Plants and their children

Common questions about reading Plants and their children by Frances Theodora Parsons on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Plants and their children?

Yes. All 3000 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71942 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Plants and their children is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71942, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Plants and their children take to read?

About 250 minutes of reading across 600 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Plants and their children section by section

How to work through Plants and their children section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Plants and their children to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Plants and their children

Words and structures a reader meets early in Plants and their children, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Plants and their children; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Plants and their children; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Plants and their children; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Plants and their children; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.