Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago
Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago is here in full — 652 sentences across 131 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago
Context Illustration Reading 1/130 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PO-NO-KAH.
AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.
THE HEDDEN FAMILY.
We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.
In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago is here in full — 652 sentences across 131 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/130 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PO-NO-KAH.
Line 2
AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.
/æn ˈɪndiən ˈstɔːri ʌv lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ/
Line 3
THE HEDDEN FAMILY.
Line 4
We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.
/wiː huː laɪv ɪn ˈkʌmfərtəbəl ˈkʌntri hoʊmz sɪˈkjʊr frʌm ˈevəri ˌɪnˈveɪdər faɪnd ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː kənˈsiːv ðə ˈtraɪəlz ðæt bɪˈset ðə ˈhɑːrdi ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz huː ˈsetəld ˈaʊər ˈwestərn ˈkʌntri ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst ˈsentʃəri/
Line 5
In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.
/ɪn ðoʊz deɪz ənd fɔːr ˈmeni ə jɪr ˈæftərwərd ˈhɑːstəl ˈɪndiənz swɔːrmd ɪn ˈevəri dərˈekʃən weˈrevər ðə waɪt mæn hæd meɪd ə ˈklɪrɪŋ ɔːr ˈstɑːrtɪd ə hoʊm fɔːr hɪmˈself ɪn ðə ˈwɪldərnəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beset verb US /bɪˈset/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading “We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.”

clearing noun US /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading “In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.”

hardy adjective US /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading “We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.”

hostile adjective US /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading “In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.”

invader noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdər/

someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.”

pioneers noun US /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading “We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.”

swarmed verb US /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading “In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.”

trials noun US /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading “We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

AGOadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

besetverbUS /bɪˈset/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

conceiveverbUS /kənˈsiːv/

have the idea for

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

FAMILYnounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading THE HEDDEN FAMILY.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

HEDDEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HEDDEN FAMILY.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

INDIANadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

invadernounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdər/

someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

LONGadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

pioneersnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

PO-NO-KAH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PO-NO-KAH.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

STORYnounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading AN INDIAN STORY OF LONG AGO.

swarmedverbUS /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HEDDEN FAMILY.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

trialsnounUS /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading We who live in comfortable country homes, secure from every invader, find it difficult to conceive the trials that beset the hardy pioneers who settled our Western country during the last century.

wildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In those days, and for many a year afterward, hostile Indians swarmed in every direction, wherever the white man had made a clearing, or started a home for himself in the wilderness.

Chapter 1 of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago by Mary Mapes Dodge holds 652 sentences, grouped into 131 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago contain?

Chapter 1 holds 652 sentences of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago, unabridged, divided into 131 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago by Mary Mapes Dodge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 652 sentences, grouped into 131 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago?

Work through the 131 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 131 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago

Common questions about reading Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago by Mary Mapes Dodge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago?

Yes. All 652 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11991 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11991, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago take to read?

About 54 minutes of reading across 131 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago section by section

How to work through Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago

Words and structures a reader meets early in Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Po-no-kah
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hedden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Po-No-Kah: An Indian Tale of Long Ago; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.