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Poems, 1799
Poems, 1799

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Poems, 1799 is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Poems, 1799
Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?
The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.
Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.
We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:
Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poems, 1799

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Poems, 1799 is here in full — 377 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?
/ðə kəmˈpleɪnts ʌv ðə puːr ənd werˈfɔːr duː ðə puːr kəmˈpleɪn/
Line 2
The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.
/ðə rɪtʃ mæn æskt ʌv miː kʌm wɔːk əˈbrɔːd wɪð miː aɪ sed ənd aɪ wɪl ˈænsər ðiː/
Line 3
Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.
Line 4
We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:
Line 5
Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

charity noun US /ˈtʃerɪti/

a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

From this reading “’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.”

coated adjective US /ˈkoʊtəd/

having a coating; covered with an outer layer or film; often used in combination

From this reading “Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.”

complain verb US /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading “The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?”

Complaints noun US /kəmˈpleɪnts/

plural of “complaint” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading “The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?”

frozen adjective US /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading “Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.”

locks noun US /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading “We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:”

wherefore adverb US /werˈfɔːr/

an old word meaning “why” or “for that reason”

From this reading “The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?”

winter's noun US /ˈwɪntərz/

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

a-cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

ask'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

bare-headed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

beholdverbUS /bɪˈhoʊld/

see with attention

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

charitynounUS /ˈtʃerɪti/

a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

cheerlessadjective

causing sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

coatedadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊtəd/

having a coating; covered with an outer layer or film; often used in combination

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

ComeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

complainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

ComplaintsnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnts/

plural of “complaint” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

locksnounUS /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading ’Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

Twas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

Wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

whereforeadverbUS /werˈfɔːr/

an old word meaning “why” or “for that reason”

From this reading The Complaints of the Poor And wherefore do the Poor complain?

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

winter'snounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask’d him what he did abroad In that cold winter’s night:

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The rich man asked of me,— Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee.

wrapt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold.

Chapter 2 of Poems, 1799 by Robert Southey holds 377 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Poems, 1799 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 377 sentences of Poems, 1799, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Poems, 1799 by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 377 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Poems, 1799?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poems, 1799

Common questions about reading Poems, 1799 by Robert Southey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poems, 1799?

Yes. All 1102 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8639 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poems, 1799 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8639, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poems, 1799 take to read?

About 91 minutes of reading across 221 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poems, 1799 section by section

How to work through Poems, 1799 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of Poems, 1799 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poems, 1799

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poems, 1799, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Better
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems, 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Please
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems, 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Worse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems, 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displease
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems, 1799; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.