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Poems of American History
Poems of American History

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Poems of American History is here in full — 802 sentences across 161 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.
In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.
BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!
Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.
Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poems of American History

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Poems of American History is here in full — 802 sentences across 161 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/160 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.
Line 2
In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.
Line 3
BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!
Line 4
Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.
Line 5
Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bombard verb US /bɑːmˈbɑːrd/

cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading “Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.”

Charleston noun US /ˈtʃɑːrlstən/

state capital of West Virginia in the central part of the state on the Kanawha river

From this reading “THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.”

defending adjective US /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading “In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.”

entreaties noun US /enˈtriːtiz/

plural of “entreaty” — earnest or urgent request

From this reading “In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.”

gauntlet noun US /ˈɡɔːntlət/

to offer or accept a challenge

From this reading “THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.”

protests noun US /ˈproʊtests/

plural of “protest” — a formal and solemn declaration of objection

From this reading “In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.”

reinforcements noun US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading “In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.”

state's noun US /steɪts/

possessive form of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading “In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

In spite preposition + noun

In this reading “In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.”

standing armies adjective + noun counted as “standing army”

a permanent army of paid soldiers

In this reading “Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.”

little garrison adjective + noun

In this reading “THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.”

seized by verb + particle counted as “seize by”

In this reading “Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.”

assembled in verb + particle counted as “assemble in”

In this reading “Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.”

remained in verb + particle counted as “remain in”

In this reading “In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1860

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

abandonedadjectiveUS /əˈbændənd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

AndersonnounUS /ˈændərsən/

United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

anyhowadverbUS /ˈenihaʊ/

used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

aquent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

BEAUnounUS /boʊ/

a man who is the lover of a man or woman

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

Beauregard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

blessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

BOBverbUS /bɑːb/

move up and down repeatedly

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

bombardverbUS /bɑːmˈbɑːrd/

cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

CarolinanounUS /ˌkerəˈlaɪnə/

the area of the states of North Carolina and South Carolina

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

CharlestonnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrlstən/

state capital of West Virginia in the central part of the state on the Kanawha river

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

daresnounUS /derz/

plural of “dare” — a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

defendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

entreatiesnounUS /enˈtriːtiz/

plural of “entreaty” — earnest or urgent request

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

featherverbUS /ˈfeðər/

join tongue and groove, in carpentry

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

GAUNTLETnounUS /ˈɡɔːntlət/

to offer or accept a challenge

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

harborverbUS /ˈhɑːrbər/

maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

incapableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl/

(followed by “of”) lacking capacity or ability

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

Mex-i-co

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

Moultrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

PierrenounUS /piˈer/

capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

protestsnounUS /ˈproʊtests/

plural of “protest” — a formal and solemn declaration of objection

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

reinforcementsnounUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

seizedverbUS /siːzd/

past form of “seize” — take hold of; grab

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

SingsverbUS /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

state'snounUS /steɪts/

possessive form of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

Sumter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Fort Moultrie was seized by the South Carolina troops, which were assembled in force under command of General Pierre T. Beauregard, and it was decided to bombard Sumter.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE GAUNTLET In the fall of 1860 Major Robert Anderson was selected to command the little garrison at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, I really don't know whether I ought to like you so, Bob, considering that feather; I don't like standing armies, Bob, as very well you know, But _I love a man that dares to act_, Bob Anderson, my beau.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In spite of his entreaties, no reinforcements were sent him, and on the night of December 26 he abandoned Fort Moultrie, which his little force was incapable of defending, and moved to Fort Sumter, where he remained in spite of the state's protests.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading BOB ANDERSON, MY BEAU (Miss Columbia Sings) Bob Anderson, my beau, Bob, when we were first aquent, You were in Mex-i-co, Bob, because by order sent; But now you are in Sumter, Bob, because you chose to go; And blessings on you anyhow, Bob Anderson, my beau!

Chapter 28 of Poems of American History by Burton Egbert [Editor] Stevenson holds 802 sentences, grouped into 161 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Poems of American History contain?

Chapter 28 holds 802 sentences of Poems of American History, unabridged, divided into 161 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Poems of American History by Burton Egbert [Editor] Stevenson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 802 sentences, grouped into 161 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Poems of American History?

Work through the 161 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 161 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poems of American History

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Is this the complete text of Poems of American History?

Yes. All 19183 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47476 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poems of American History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47476, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poems of American History take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3837 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Poems of American History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poems of American History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poems of American History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dutch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Amsterdam
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hudson's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of American History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.