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Poems of the Past and the Present
Poems of the Past and the Present

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Poems of the Past and the Present is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Poems of the Past and the Present
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?
Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.
Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?
It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.
Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poems of the Past and the Present

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Poems of the Past and the Present is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?
/ðə læst krɪˈsænθəməm waɪ ʃʊd ðɪs ˈflaʊər dɪˈleɪ soʊ lɔːŋ tuː ʃoʊ ɪts ˈtremjələs pluːmz/
Line 2
Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.
Line 3
Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?
Line 4
It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.
Line 5
Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chrysanthemum noun US /krɪˈsænθəməm/

the flower of a chrysanthemum plant

From this reading “THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?”

corpses noun US /ˈkɔːrpsəz/

plural of “corps” — an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading “It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.”

fervid adjective US /ˈfɜːrvəd/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading “It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.”

frond noun US /frɑːnd/

compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad

From this reading “Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?”

saps noun US /sæps/

plural of “sap” — a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant

From this reading “It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.”

season's noun US /ˈsiːzənz/

possessive form of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

turbulent adjective US /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading “Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.”

whorl noun US /wɜːrl/

a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading “Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

CalledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

CHRYSANTHEMUMnounUS /krɪˈsænθəməm/

the flower of a chrysanthemum plant

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

corpsesnounUS /ˈkɔːrpsəz/

plural of “corps” — an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

fervidadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrvəd/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

frondnounUS /frɑːnd/

compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

heednounUS /hiːd/

paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

plaintiveadjectiveUS /ˈpleɪntɪv/

expressing sorrow

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

plumesnounUS /pluːmz/

plural of “plume” — anything that resembles a feather in shape or lightness

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

retrocede

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

robin-song

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

sapsnounUS /sæps/

plural of “sap” — a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

season'snounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

possessive form of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

shiveringnounUS /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

tempests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

tombsnounUS /tuːmz/

plural of “tomb” — a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

TooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

tremulousadjectiveUS /ˈtremjələs/

(of the voice) quivering as from weakness or fear

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

turbulentadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading Too late its beauty, lonely thing, The season’s shine is spent, Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.

uncurlverb

move out of a curled position

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

WakingadjectiveUS /ˈweɪ.kɪŋ/

Risen from sleep; conscious.

From this reading It must have felt that fervid call Although it took no heed, Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, And saps all retrocede.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.

whorlnounUS /wɜːrl/

a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading Through the slow summer, when the sun Called to each frond and whorl That all he could for flowers was being done, Why did it not uncurl?

WHYnounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading THE LAST CHRYSANTHEMUM WHY should this flower delay so long To show its tremulous plumes?

Chapter 6 of Poems of the Past and the Present by Thomas Hardy holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Poems of the Past and the Present contain?

Chapter 6 holds 111 sentences of Poems of the Past and the Present, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Poems of the Past and the Present by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Poems of the Past and the Present?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poems of the Past and the Present

Common questions about reading Poems of the Past and the Present by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poems of the Past and the Present?

Yes. All 854 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3168 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poems of the Past and the Present is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3168, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poems of the Past and the Present take to read?

About 71 minutes of reading across 171 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poems of the Past and the Present section by section

How to work through Poems of the Past and the Present section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Poems of the Past and the Present to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poems of the Past and the Present

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poems of the Past and the Present, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Poems
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of the Past and the Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Embarcation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of the Past and the Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Departure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of the Past and the Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Colonel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poems of the Past and the Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.