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Poetical Works
Poetical Works

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Poetical Works is here in full — 1092 sentences across 219 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.
With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.
GEORGE GILFILLAN.
CHURCHILL--HIS LIFE AND WRITINGS.
In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poetical Works

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Poetical Works is here in full — 1092 sentences across 219 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/218 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.
/ðə poʊˈetɪkəl wɜːrks ʌv tʃɑːrlz ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪl/
Line 2
With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.
/wɪð ˈmemwɑːr ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən ənd ɪkˈsplænətɔːri noʊts baɪ ðə rev/
Line 3
GEORGE GILFILLAN.
Line 4
CHURCHILL--HIS LIFE AND WRITINGS.
Line 5
In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

churchill noun US /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪl/

English general considered one of the greatest generals in history (1650-1722)

From this reading “THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.”

Dissertation noun US /ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən/

a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree

From this reading “With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.”

Explanatory adjective US /ɪkˈsplænətɔːri/

serving or intended to explain or make clear

From this reading “With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.”

Goldsmith's noun US /ˈɡoʊldsmɪθs/

possessive form of “goldsmith” — an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold

From this reading “In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."”

Memoir noun US /ˈmemwɑːr/

an account of the author's personal experiences

From this reading “With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.”

poetical adjective US /poʊˈetɪkəl/

of or relating to poetry

From this reading “THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.”

specimen noun US /ˈspesəmən/

an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading “In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."”

writings noun US /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading “CHURCHILL--HIS LIFE AND WRITINGS.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

CHARLESnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.

CHURCHILLnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪl/

English general considered one of the greatest generals in history (1650-1722)

From this reading THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

CriticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

DissertationnounUS /ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən/

a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

ExplanatoryadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsplænətɔːri/

serving or intended to explain or make clear

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading GEORGE GILFILLAN.

GILFILLAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GEORGE GILFILLAN.

Goldsmith'snounUS /ˈɡoʊldsmɪθs/

possessive form of “goldsmith” — an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading CHURCHILL--HIS LIFE AND WRITINGS.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading CHURCHILL--HIS LIFE AND WRITINGS.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

MemoirnounUS /ˈmemwɑːr/

an account of the author's personal experiences

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

narrow'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

NotesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

POETICALadjectiveUS /poʊˈetɪkəl/

of or relating to poetry

From this reading THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.

REVverbUS /rev/

increase the number of rotations per minute

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

specimennounUS /ˈspesəmən/

an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

universenounUS /ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With Memoir, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, By The REV.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

WORKSnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading THE POETICAL WORKS OF CHARLES CHURCHILL.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading In Churchill we find a signal specimen of a considerable class of writers, concerning whom Goldsmith's words are true-- "Who, born for the universe, narrow'd their mind, And to party gave up what was meant for mankind."

WRITINGSnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading CHURCHILL--HIS LIFE AND WRITINGS.

Chapter 1 of Poetical Works by Charles Churchill holds 1092 sentences, grouped into 219 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Poetical Works contain?

Chapter 1 holds 1092 sentences of Poetical Works, unabridged, divided into 219 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Poetical Works by Charles Churchill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1092 sentences, grouped into 219 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Poetical Works?

Work through the 219 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 219 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poetical Works

Common questions about reading Poetical Works by Charles Churchill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poetical Works?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poetical Works is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poetical Works take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poetical Works section by section

How to work through Poetical Works section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poetical Works

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poetical Works, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.