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Poetical Works
Poetical Works

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Poetical Works is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Poetical Works
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!
False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!
What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!
How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!
Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poetical Works

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Poetical Works is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!
Line 2
False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!
Line 3
What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!
/wʌt tɔɪlz hiː ˈsʌfərz wʌt dɪsˈɡreɪs tuː ɡet ənd ðen tuː kiːp ə pleɪs/
Line 4
How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!
Line 5
Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

groat noun US /ɡroʊt/

a former English silver coin worth four pennies

From this reading “How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!”

intricate adjective US /ˈɪntrəkət/

having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate

From this reading “Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.”

maze noun US /meɪz/

complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost

From this reading “Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.”

Risking verb US /ˈrɪskɪŋ/

-ing form of “risk” — expose to a chance of loss or damage

From this reading “How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!”

rout verb US /raʊt/

cause to flee

From this reading “Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.”

strengthen verb US /ˈstreŋθən/

make strong or stronger

From this reading “Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!”

suffers verb US /ˈsʌfərz/

third-person singular of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading “What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!”

toils noun US /tɔɪlz/

plural of “toil” — productive work (especially physical work done for wages)

From this reading “What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

blindlyadverbUS /ˈblaɪndli/

without seeing or looking

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

CavenounUS /keɪv/

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

cluenounUS /kluː/

a slight indication

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

cowardnounUS /ˈkaʊərd/

a person who shows fear or timidity

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

disgraceverbUS /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

bring shame or dishonor upon

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

dwellverbUS /dwel/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

earnestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

FalseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

fear'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

foesnounUS /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

FraudnounUS /frɔːd/

intentional deception resulting in injury to another person

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

groatnounUS /ɡroʊt/

a former English silver coin worth four pennies

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

guiltyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪlti/

responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

HonestynounUS /ˈɑːnəsti/

the quality of being honest

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

intricateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəkət/

having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

jestnounUS /dʒest/

a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

limbnounUS /lɪm/

one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

MadeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

mazenounUS /meɪz/

complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

meddles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

pathsnounUS /pæðz/

plural of “path” — a course of conduct

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

perilsnounUS /ˈperəlz/

plural of “peril” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

PlungeverbUS /plʌndʒ/

thrust or throw into

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

rebukeverbUS /riˈbjuːk/

censure severely or angrily

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

risknounUS /rɪsk/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

RiskingverbUS /ˈrɪskɪŋ/

-ing form of “risk” — expose to a chance of loss or damage

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

routverbUS /raʊt/

cause to flee

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

slavenounUS /sleɪv/

a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

strengthenverbUS /ˈstreŋθən/

make strong or stronger

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

suffersverbUS /ˈsʌfərz/

third-person singular of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

toilsnounUS /tɔɪlz/

plural of “toil” — productive work (especially physical work done for wages)

From this reading What toils he suffers, what disgrace, To get, and then to keep, a place!

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

venturedverbUS /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading False are his friends, and firm his foes: How must his soul, once ventured in, Plunge blindly on from sin to sin!

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

WhosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Ah me! what mighty perils wait The man who meddles with a state, Whether to strengthen, or oppose!

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Under the Temple lay a Cave, Made by some guilty, coward slave, Whose actions fear'd rebuke: a maze Of intricate and winding ways, Not to be found without a clue; One passage only, known to few, In paths direct led to a cell, Where Fraud in secret loved to dwell, 20 With all her tools and slaves about her, Nor fear'd lest Honesty should rout her.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading How often, whether wrong or right, Must he in jest or earnest fight, 10 Risking for those both life and limb Who would not risk one groat for him!

Chapter 4 of Poetical Works by Charles Churchill holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Poetical Works contain?

Chapter 4 holds 89 sentences of Poetical Works, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Poetical Works by Charles Churchill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Poetical Works?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poetical Works

Common questions about reading Poetical Works by Charles Churchill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poetical Works?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poetical Works is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poetical Works take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poetical Works section by section

How to work through Poetical Works section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poetical Works

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poetical Works, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Poetical Works, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.