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Polaris of the Snows
Polaris of the Snows

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Polaris of the Snows is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Polaris of the Snows
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.
Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.
Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.
They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.
From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Polaris of the Snows

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Polaris of the Snows is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.
/ðə fɜːrst ˈwʊmən ˈprɑːbəbliː ɪn ɔːl ðə wɜːrld ðer wɑːz nɑːt ðə ˈiːkwəl ʌv ðə tiːm ʌv dɑːɡz wɪtʃ poʊˈlerəs hæd səˈlektɪd fɔːr hɪz ˈdʒɜːrni/
Line 2
Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.
Line 3
Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.
Line 4
They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.
Line 5
From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Antarctic noun US /ænˈtɑːrktɪk/

the region around the south pole: Antarctica and surrounding waters

From this reading “From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.”

dominant adjective US /ˈdɑːmənənt/

exercising influence or control

From this reading “Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.”

environment noun US /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading “From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.”

inured adjective US /ˌɪˈnjʊrd/

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading “From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.”

mastiff noun US /ˈmæstəf/

an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog

From this reading “Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.”

Polaris noun US /poʊˈlerəs/

the brightest star in Ursa Minor; at the end of the handle of the Little Dipper; the northern axis of the earth points toward it

From this reading “THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.”

rearing noun US /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading “From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.”

tireless adjective US /ˈtaɪərləs/

showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality

From this reading “They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

AntarcticnounUS /ænˈtɑːrktɪk/

the region around the south pole: Antarctica and surrounding waters

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

CarefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

cross-bred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

DanenounUS /deɪn/

a native or inhabitant of Denmark

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

dominantadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːmənənt/

exercising influence or control

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

environmentnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

furredadjective

covered with a dense coat of fine silky hairs

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

hardshipsnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

inuredadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnjʊrd/

made tough by habitual exposure

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

loyaltynounUS /ˈlɔɪəlti/

the quality of being loyal

From this reading They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.

mastiffnounUS /ˈmæstəf/

an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

PolarisnounUS /poʊˈlerəs/

the brightest star in Ursa Minor; at the end of the handle of the Little Dipper; the northern axis of the earth points toward it

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

ProbablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

rearingnounUS /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

sinews

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

strainsnounUS /streɪnz/

plural of “strain” — (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.

teamnounUS /tiːm/

a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.

timberwolves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors in the long ago had been the fierce, gray timberwolves of the north.

tirelessadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərləs/

showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality

From this reading They had the loyalty of the mastiff, the strength of the great Dane, and the tireless sinews of the wolf.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading From the environment of their rearing they were well furred and inured to the cold and hardships of the Antarctic.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

wolfnounUS /wʊlf/

any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading Carefully cross-bred, the strains in their blood were of the wolf, the great Dane, and the mastiff; but the wolf strain held dominant.

WOMANnounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading THE FIRST WOMAN Probably in all the world there was not the equal of the team of dogs which Polaris had selected for his journey.

Chapter 2 of Polaris of the Snows by Charles B. (Charles Billings) Stilson holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Polaris of the Snows contain?

Chapter 2 holds 131 sentences of Polaris of the Snows, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Polaris of the Snows by Charles B. (Charles Billings) Stilson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Polaris of the Snows?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Polaris of the Snows

Common questions about reading Polaris of the Snows by Charles B. (Charles Billings) Stilson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Polaris of the Snows?

Yes. All 3011 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35426 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Polaris of the Snows is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Polaris of the Snows take to read?

About 250 minutes of reading across 603 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Polaris of the Snows section by section

How to work through Polaris of the Snows section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of Polaris of the Snows to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Polaris of the Snows

Words and structures a reader meets early in Polaris of the Snows, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polaris of the Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Appeared
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polaris of the Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
All-story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polaris of the Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cavalier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polaris of the Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.