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Polly and Her Friends Abroad
Polly and Her Friends Abroad

Chapter XII · Escaping an Earthquake

Chapter XII of Polly and Her Friends Abroad, “Escaping an Earthquake,” is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.
This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.
“You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.
“The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”
The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Polly and Her Friends Abroad

Chapter XII · Escaping an Earthquake

Chapter XII of Polly and Her Friends Abroad, “Escaping an Earthquake,” is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.
/æz ðə kɑːrz druː nɪr ˈflɔːrəns ˈmɪstər ˈfeɪbiən dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈnætʃərəl prəˈtekʃən əˈfɔːrdəd ðæt ˈsɪti baɪ ðə ˈmaʊntənz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɪt/
Line 2
This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.
Line 3
“You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.
Line 4
“The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”
Line 5
The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antiquity noun US /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading ““You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.”

architectural adjective US /ˌɑːrkəˈtektʃərəl/

of or pertaining to the art and science of architecture

From this reading “The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.”

basilica noun US /bəˈsɪlɪkə/

an early Christian church designed like a Roman basilica; or a Roman Catholic church or cathedral accorded certain privileges

From this reading “The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.”

carving noun US /ˈkɑːrvɪŋ/

a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape

From this reading ““The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.””

costumes noun US /kɑːˈstuːmz/

plural of “costume” — the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading ““The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.””

Fabian adjective US /ˈfeɪbiən/

of or relating to Fabianism

From this reading “As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.”

mightily adverb US /ˈmaɪtəli/

powerfully or vigorously

From this reading “This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.”

savoring noun US /ˈseɪvərɪŋ/

taking a small amount into the mouth to test its quality

From this reading ““You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

bright colors adjective + noun

In this reading ““The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.””

narrow streets verb + noun counted as “narrow street”

In this reading ““The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.””

ancient churches adjective + noun counted as “ancient church”

In this reading ““The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.””

past ages noun + noun counted as “past age”

In this reading “This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.”

entered the city verb + article + noun counted as “enter … city”

In this reading ““You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.”

first day adjective + noun

In this reading “The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

architecturaladjectiveUS /ˌɑːrkəˈtektʃərəl/

of or pertaining to the art and science of architecture

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

basilicanounUS /bəˈsɪlɪkə/

an early Christian church designed like a Roman basilica; or a Roman Catholic church or cathedral accorded certain privileges

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

bitsnounUS /bɪts/

plural of “bit” — a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

carsnounUS /kɑːrz/

plural of “car” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

carvingnounUS /ˈkɑːrvɪŋ/

a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

costumesnounUS /kɑːˈstuːmz/

plural of “costume” — the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

FabianadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪbiən/

of or relating to Fabianism

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

figuredadjectiveUS /ˈfɪɡjərd/

(of e.g. fabric design) adorned with patterns

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

Florentines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

mightilyadverbUS /ˈmaɪtəli/

powerfully or vigorously

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

Miniato

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

Museo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

Nazionale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

overcomeverbUS /ˈoʊvərkʌm/

win a victory over

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

Pitti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

quaintadjectiveUS /kweɪnt/

strange in an interesting or pleasing way

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

roofsnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

savoringnounUS /ˈseɪvərɪŋ/

taking a small amount into the mouth to test its quality

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

sky-line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As the cars drew near Florence, Mr. Fabian described the natural protection afforded that city by the mountains surrounding it.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

tradingnounUS /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

buying or selling securities or commodities

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

visitingnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

the activity of making visits

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This figured mightily in past ages, he said, when enemies of the Florentines tried to overcome the city and break the power of their trading.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first day in Florence was spent in visiting the Pitti Palace, the basilica of San Miniato, which was of architectural value to the students, and then the Museo Nazionale.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “The winding narrow streets, the irregular roofs that break the sky-line, the ancient churches with bits of old carving in the least expected places, and last but not least, the folk of Florence with their quaint costumes of bright colors.”

You'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “You’ll find everything about Florence savoring of antiquity,” announced Mr. Fabian, as they entered the city.

Chapter 12 of Polly and Her Friends Abroad by Lillian Elizabeth Roy holds 150 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Polly and Her Friends Abroad contain?

Chapter 12 holds 150 sentences of Polly and Her Friends Abroad, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Polly and Her Friends Abroad by Lillian Elizabeth Roy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 150 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Polly and Her Friends Abroad?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Polly and Her Friends Abroad

Common questions about reading Polly and Her Friends Abroad by Lillian Elizabeth Roy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Polly and Her Friends Abroad?

Yes. All 3357 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37429 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Polly and Her Friends Abroad is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37429, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Polly and Her Friends Abroad take to read?

About 279 minutes of reading across 672 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Polly and Her Friends Abroad section by section

How to work through Polly and Her Friends Abroad section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Polly and Her Friends Abroad to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Polly and Her Friends Abroad

Words and structures a reader meets early in Polly and Her Friends Abroad, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

United
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polly and Her Friends Abroad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
States
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polly and Her Friends Abroad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polly and Her Friends Abroad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eleanor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Polly and Her Friends Abroad; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.