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Poor Man's Rock
Poor Man's Rock

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Poor Man's Rock is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Poor Man's Rock
Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.
His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.
MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.
Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.
He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poor Man's Rock

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Poor Man's Rock is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.
Line 2
His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.
/hɪz ˈrʌbər siː buːts leɪ ɑːn ðə pɔːrtʃ flɔːr æz ɪf hiː hæd bʌt dɪˈskɑːrdɪd ðem/
Line 3
MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.
Line 4
Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.
Line 5
He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clash noun US /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading “MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.”

discarded adjective US /dɪˈskɑːrdɪd/

thrown away

From this reading “His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.”

photographic adjective US /ˌfoʊtəˈɡræfɪk/

relating to photography or obtained by using photography

From this reading “MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.”

plutocrat noun US /ˈpluːtəkræt/

someone who exercises power by virtue of wealth

From this reading “Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.”

rests noun US /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading “MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.”

rubber noun US /ˈrʌbər/

an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products

From this reading “His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.”

sagging adjective US /ˈsæɡɪŋ/

hanging down (as from exhaustion or weakness)

From this reading “The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.”

stool noun US /stuːl/

a simple seat without a back or arms

From this reading “The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

absentlyadverb

in an absentminded or preoccupied manner

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

bestowedverbUS /bɪˈstoʊd/

past form of “bestow” — present

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

clashnounUS /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

courtesynounUS /ˈkɜːrtəsi/

a courteous or respectful or considerate act

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

DeadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

detailnounUS /dɪˈteɪl/

an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

discardedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskɑːrdɪd/

thrown away

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

dollarnounUS /ˈdɑːlər/

the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

DustyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

Gower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

MacRae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

PastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

photographicadjectiveUS /ˌfoʊtəˈɡræfɪk/

relating to photography or obtained by using photography

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

pipenounUS /paɪp/

a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

plutocratnounUS /ˈpluːtəkræt/

someone who exercises power by virtue of wealth

From this reading Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.

porchnounUS /pɔːrtʃ/

a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

resembledverbUS /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.

restsnounUS /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

rubbernounUS /ˈrʌbər/

an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

saggingadjectiveUS /ˈsæɡɪŋ/

hanging down (as from exhaustion or weakness)

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

slipperedadjective

shod with slippers

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

stoolnounUS /stuːl/

a simple seat without a back or arms

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Dead and Dusty Past Gower sat in a deep grass chair, a pipe sagging one corner of his mouth, his slippered feet crossed on a low stool.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading His rubber sea boots lay on the porch floor as if he had but discarded them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

well-fedadjective

properly nourished

From this reading Gower no longer resembled the well-fed plutocrat.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading MacRae took in every detail of his appearance in one photographic glance, as a man will when his gaze rests upon another with whom he may be about to clash.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading He scarcely seemed the same man who, nearly two years before, had absently bestowed upon MacRae a dollar for an act of simple courtesy.

Chapter 20 of Poor Man's Rock by Bertrand W. Sinclair holds 339 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Poor Man's Rock contain?

Chapter 20 holds 339 sentences of Poor Man's Rock, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Poor Man's Rock by Bertrand W. Sinclair exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 339 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Poor Man's Rock?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poor Man's Rock

Common questions about reading Poor Man's Rock by Bertrand W. Sinclair on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poor Man's Rock?

Yes. All 6386 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16541 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poor Man's Rock is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16541, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poor Man's Rock take to read?

About 532 minutes of reading across 1278 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poor Man's Rock section by section

How to work through Poor Man's Rock section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Poor Man's Rock to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poor Man's Rock

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poor Man's Rock, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Man's Rock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Man's Rock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Man's Rock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Man's Rock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.