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Poor Relations
Poor Relations

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Poor Relations is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.
They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.
Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.
Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.
At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poor Relations

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Poor Relations is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.
/sɪns ðə oʊld men bɪˈɡæn ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ təˈɡeðər ðə deɪz ruːˈtiːn wɑːz ˈveri ˈnɪrli ðə seɪm fɔːr ðem boʊθ/
Line 2
They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.
Line 3
Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.
Line 4
Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.
Line 5
At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

baton noun US /bəˈtɑːn/

a thin tapered rod used by a conductor to lead an orchestra or choir

From this reading “At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.”

boulevards noun US /ˈbʊləvɑːrdz/

plural of “boulevard” — a wide street or thoroughfare

From this reading “Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.”

composer noun US /kəmˈpoʊzər/

someone who composes music as a profession

From this reading “At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.”

fraternal adjective US /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

of or relating to a fraternity or society of usually men

From this reading “They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.”

housekeeping noun US /ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/

the work of cleaning and running a house

From this reading “Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.”

marshal's noun US /ˈmɑːrʃəlz/

possessive form of “marshal” — a law officer having duties similar to those of a sheriff in carrying out the judgments of a court of law

From this reading “At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.”

Pons noun US /pɑːnz/

United States coloratura soprano (born in France) (1904-1976)

From this reading “Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.”

rehearsal noun US /rɪˈhɜːrsəl/

a practice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert)

From this reading “Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

appointmentnounUS /əˈpɔɪntmənt/

the act of putting a person into a non-elective position

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

batonnounUS /bəˈtɑːn/

a thin tapered rod used by a conductor to lead an orchestra or choir

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

boarding-schools

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

boulevardsnounUS /ˈbʊləvɑːrdz/

plural of “boulevard” — a wide street or thoroughfare

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

cab-horse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

composernounUS /kəmˈpoʊzər/

someone who composes music as a profession

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

conductornounUS /kənˈdʌktər/

the person who leads a musical group

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

day'snounUS /deɪz/

possessive form of “day” — time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

fraternaladjectiveUS /frəˈtɜːrnəl/

of or relating to a fraternity or society of usually men

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

harnessverbUS /ˈhɑːrnəs/

put a harness

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

housekeepingnounUS /ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/

the work of cleaning and running a house

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

lessonsnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

marshal'snounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəlz/

possessive form of “marshal” — a law officer having duties similar to those of a sheriff in carrying out the judgments of a court of law

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

musicaladjectiveUS /ˈmjuːzɪkəl/

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

orchestranounUS /ˈɔːrkəstrə/

a musical organization consisting of a group of instrumentalists including string players

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

PonsnounUS /pɑːnz/

United States coloratura soprano (born in France) (1904-1976)

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

rehearsalnounUS /rɪˈhɜːrsəl/

a practice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert)

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

repairedverbUS /rɪˈperd/

past form of “repair” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

routinenounUS /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

sauntering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

Schmucke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

TowardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading At the time of their first meeting, Pons had just received that marshal's baton of the unknown musical composer--an appointment as conductor of an orchestra.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Since the old men began housekeeping together, the day's routine was very nearly the same for them both.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Towards noon Pons repaired to his theatre, if there was a rehearsal on hand; but all his spare moments were spent in sauntering on the boulevards.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading Night found both of them in the orchestra at the theatre, for Pons had found a place for Schmucke, and upon this wise.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They worked together in harness in the fraternal fashion of the Paris cab-horse; rising every morning, summer and winter, at seven o'clock, and setting out after breakfast to give music lessons in the boarding-schools, in which, upon occasion, they would take lessons for each other.

Chapter 21 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Poor Relations contain?

Chapter 21 holds 404 sentences of Poor Relations, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Poor Relations?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poor Relations

Common questions about reading Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poor Relations?

Yes. All 13729 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12900 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poor Relations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12900, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poor Relations take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2746 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poor Relations section by section

How to work through Poor Relations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Poor Relations to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poor Relations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poor Relations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cousine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Really
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.