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Poor Relations
Poor Relations

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Poor Relations is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Poor Relations
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.
He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.
The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.
Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.
The dishes were a rapture to think of!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poor Relations

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Poor Relations is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.
/ˈɡriːtɪŋz ənd ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃənz ˈoʊvər ðə riˈleɪʃənz meɪd pɑːnz ˈprɑːməs tuː saɪn ðə ˈkɑːntrækt/
Line 2
He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.
Line 3
The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.
Line 4
Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.
Line 5
The dishes were a rapture to think of!
/ðə ˈdɪʃəz wɜːr ə ˈræptʃər tuː θɪŋk ʌv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allows verb US /əˈlaʊz/

third-person singular of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading “The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.”

dealers noun US /ˈdiːlərz/

plural of “dealer” — someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.”

documents noun US /ˈdɑːkjəmənts/

plural of “document” — writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading “He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.”

Greetings noun US /ˈɡriːtɪŋz/

plural of “greeting” — (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)

From this reading “Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.”

introductions noun US /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “introduction” — the act of beginning something new

From this reading “Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.”

merchant's noun US /ˈmɜːrtʃənts/

possessive form of “merchant” — a businessperson engaged in retail trade

From this reading “The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.”

Pons noun US /pɑːnz/

United States coloratura soprano (born in France) (1904-1976)

From this reading “Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.”

respite noun US /ˈrespɪt/

a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort

From this reading “The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

allowsverbUS /əˈlaʊz/

third-person singular of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

contractverbUS /ˈkɑːntrækt/

enter into a contractual arrangement

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

dealersnounUS /ˈdiːlərz/

plural of “dealer” — someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

dining-roomnoun

a room used for dining

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

dishesnounUS /ˈdɪʃəz/

plural of “dish” — a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food

From this reading The dishes were a rapture to think of!

documentsnounUS /ˈdɑːkjəmənts/

plural of “document” — writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

du

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

faredverbUS /ferd/

past form of “fare” — proceed or get along

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

Graff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

GreetingsnounUS /ˈɡriːtɪŋz/

plural of “greeting” — (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

half-past

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

HotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

introductionsnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “introduction” — the act of beginning something new

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

merchant'snounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃənts/

possessive form of “merchant” — a businessperson engaged in retail trade

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

money-making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

PonsnounUS /pɑːnz/

United States coloratura soprano (born in France) (1904-1976)

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

rapturenounUS /ˈræptʃər/

a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion

From this reading The dishes were a rapture to think of!

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

respitenounUS /ˈrespɪt/

a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

Rhin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

Schmucke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

sumptuouslyadverb

in a sumptuous and opulent manner

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading The dishes were a rapture to think of!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Greetings and introductions over, the relations made Pons promise to sign the contract.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He listened to the reading of the documents, and towards half-past five the party went into the dining-room.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The dishes were a rapture to think of!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The dinner was magnificent, as a city merchant's dinner can be, when he allows himself a respite from money-making.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Graff of the Hotel du Rhin was acquainted with the first provision dealers in Paris; never had Pons nor Schmucke fared so sumptuously.

Chapter 23 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac holds 397 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Poor Relations contain?

Chapter 23 holds 397 sentences of Poor Relations, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 397 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Poor Relations?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poor Relations

Common questions about reading Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poor Relations?

Yes. All 13729 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12900 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poor Relations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12900, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poor Relations take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2746 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poor Relations section by section

How to work through Poor Relations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Poor Relations to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poor Relations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poor Relations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cousine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Really
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.