Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Poor Relations
Poor Relations

Chapter XXIV · Chapter 24

Chapter 24 of Poor Relations is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Poor Relations
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.
Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.
He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poor Relations

Chapter XXIV · Chapter 24

Chapter 24 of Poor Relations is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.
Line 2
Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.
Line 3
He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!
Line 4
Line 5

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

befell verb US /bɪˈfel/

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading “He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!”

childlike adjective US /ˈtʃaɪldlaɪk/

befitting a young child

From this reading “He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!”

maltreated adjective US /mælˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to cruel treatment

From this reading “He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!”

Pons noun US /pɑːnz/

United States coloratura soprano (born in France) (1904-1976)

From this reading “He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!”

resigned verb US /rɪˈzaɪnd/

past form of “resign” — leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

From this reading “He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!”

ruffled adjective US /ˈrʌfəld/

shaken into waves or undulations as by wind

From this reading “Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.”

sublime adjective US /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading “He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!”

treasury noun US /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading “He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

Aristides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.

befellverbUS /bɪˈfel/

inflected form of “befall” — become of; happen to

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

bitternessnounUS /ˈbɪtərnəs/

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

childlikeadjectiveUS /ˈtʃaɪldlaɪk/

befitting a young child

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

maltreatedadjectiveUS /mælˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to cruel treatment

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

meeknessnoun

the feeling of patient, submissive humbleness

From this reading Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.

mischances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

ovineadjective

of or pertaining to or of the nature of or characteristic of a sheep or sheep

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

PonsnounUS /pɑːnz/

United States coloratura soprano (born in France) (1904-1976)

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

resignedverbUS /rɪˈzaɪnd/

past form of “resign” — leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

ruffledadjectiveUS /ˈrʌfəld/

shaken into waves or undulations as by wind

From this reading Never before had his almost divine meekness been ruffled.

Schmucke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

sublimeadjectiveUS /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

treasurynounUS /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading He had smiled childlike on all the mischances that befell him, but he could not look and see his sublime Pons maltreated; his Pons, his unknown Aristides, the genius resigned to his lot, the nature that knew no bitterness, the treasury of kindness, the heart of gold!

utteredadjectiveUS /ˈʌtərd/

communicated in words

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Never before in the course of a truly ovine life had Schmucke uttered such words as these.

Chapter 24 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 24 of Poor Relations contain?

Chapter 24 holds 400 sentences of Poor Relations, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 24 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 24 of Poor Relations?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 24 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 24 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poor Relations

Common questions about reading Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poor Relations?

Yes. All 13729 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12900 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poor Relations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12900, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poor Relations take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2746 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poor Relations section by section

How to work through Poor Relations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Poor Relations to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poor Relations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poor Relations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cousine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Really
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.