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Poor Relations
Poor Relations

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of Poor Relations is here in full — 369 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Poor Relations
Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.
A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.
All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.
Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.
The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poor Relations

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of Poor Relations is here in full — 369 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.
/rɪtʃ ˈpiːpəl kæn ˈskersli ˈriːəlaɪz ðə ekˈstriːm sɪmˈplɪsəti ʌv ə puːr mænz ˈkɪtʃən/
Line 2
A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.
Line 3
All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.
/ɔːl ðə ˈkrɑːkəri ɪn ðə pleɪs waɪt ənd braʊn ˈɜːrθənwer təˈɡeðər wɑːz nɑːt wɜːrθ mɔːr ðæn twelv fræŋks/
Line 4
Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.
/ˈdɪnər wɑːz sɜːrvd ɑːn ðə ˈkɪtʃən ˈteɪbəl wɪtʃ wɪð ə ˈkʌpəl ʌv tʃerz ənd ə ˈkʌpəl ʌv stuːlz kəmˈpliːtəd ðə ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/
Line 5
The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crockery noun US /ˈkrɑːkəri/

tableware (eating and serving dishes) collectively

From this reading “All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.”

dumpy adjective US /ˈdʌmpi/

resembling a garbage dump

From this reading “A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.”

earthenware noun US /ˈɜːrθənwer/

ceramic ware made of porous clay fired at low heat

From this reading “All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.”

fuel verb US /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading “The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.”

gridiron noun US /ˈɡrɪdaɪərn/

a cooking utensil of parallel metal bars; used to grill fish or meat

From this reading “A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.”

oven noun US /ˈʌvən/

kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting

From this reading “A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.”

saucepan noun US /ˈsɔːspæn/

a deep pan with a handle; used for stewing or boiling

From this reading “A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.”

stools noun US /stuːlz/

plural of “stool” — a simple seat without a back or arms

From this reading “Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

chairsnounUS /tʃerz/

plural of “chair” — a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

chimneynounUS /ˈtʃɪmni/

a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

cooking-pots

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

crockerynounUS /ˈkrɑːkəri/

tableware (eating and serving dishes) collectively

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

DinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

dumpyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌmpi/

resembling a garbage dump

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

earthenwarenounUS /ˈɜːrθənwer/

ceramic ware made of porous clay fired at low heat

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

francsnounUS /fræŋks/

plural of “franc” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 centimes

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

frying-pan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

fuelverbUS /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

funnel-shapedadjective

shaped in the form of a funnel

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

furniturenounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

gridironnounUS /ˈɡrɪdaɪərn/

a cooking utensil of parallel metal bars; used to grill fish or meat

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

kettlenounUS /ˈketəl/

a metal pot for stewing or boiling; usually has a lid

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

ovennounUS /ˈʌvən/

kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

over-night

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

realizeverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

RichadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

saucepannounUS /ˈsɔːspæn/

a deep pan with a handle; used for stewing or boiling

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

soapsudsnoun

the froth produced by soaps or detergents

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

steeping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

stoolsnounUS /stuːlz/

plural of “stool” — a simple seat without a back or arms

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

stovenounUS /stoʊv/

a kitchen appliance used for cooking food

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Rich people can scarcely realize the extreme simplicity of a poor man's kitchen.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A Dutch oven, a kettle, a gridiron, a saucepan, two or three dumpy cooking-pots, and a frying-pan--that was all.

wash-tub

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stock of fuel was kept under the stove with a funnel-shaped chimney, and in a corner stood the wash-tub in which the family linen lay, often steeping over-night in soapsuds.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Dinner was served on the kitchen table, which, with a couple of chairs and a couple of stools, completed the furniture.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading All the crockery in the place, white and brown earthenware together, was not worth more than twelve francs.

Chapter 34 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac holds 369 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of Poor Relations contain?

Chapter 34 holds 369 sentences of Poor Relations, unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 369 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of Poor Relations?

Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Poor Relations

Common questions about reading Poor Relations by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Poor Relations?

Yes. All 13729 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12900 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Poor Relations is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12900, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Poor Relations take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2746 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Poor Relations section by section

How to work through Poor Relations section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Poor Relations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Poor Relations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cousine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Perhaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Really
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Poor Relations; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.