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Poor White: A Novel
Poor White: A Novel

Chapter IX

Cover illustration for Poor White: A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.
They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.
Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.
He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.
In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poor White: A Novel

Chapter IX

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.
Line 2
They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.
Line 3
Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.
Line 4
He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.
Line 5
In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.”

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.”

Beneath preposition US /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading “In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.”

Something pronoun US /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading “In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

also

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

attended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

beard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

boys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

bullied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

bully

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

carriages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

carried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

Columbus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

company

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

gray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

grew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

Hen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

Henderson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

kept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

large

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

larger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

manufacturing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

native

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

neat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

patience

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

persistent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

person

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

plow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

position

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

power

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

precise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

servants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

shrewdness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

small

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

standards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

stature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

treasurer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

turn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They lived in a large house and kept two carriages and four servants, but had no children.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

wealthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.

wife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was treasurer of the plow manufacturing company and was also treasurer of the church he and his wife attended.

Woodburn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

Woodburns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Woodburns of Columbus were wealthy by the standards of their day.

wore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Henderson Woodburn was small of stature, wore a gray beard, and was neat and precise about his person.

youth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his youth he had been called “Hen” Woodburn and had been bullied by larger boys, and when he grew to be a man and after his persistent shrewdness and patience had carried him into a position of some power in the business life of his native city he in turn became something of a bully to the men beneath him.