Chapter IV

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

past form of “banish” — expel from a community or group

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading THE DESERT.

not still wet

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

opinion or judgment

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

start firing a weapon

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

an unjust act

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

and nothing more

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

Recollections of past events.

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

the force of workers available

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

an extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

on one occasion

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

a person who is being chased

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

with restored energy

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

a male human offspring

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

the season of growth

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DESERT.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Calumny pursued him: injustice extended high enough to reach him.

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

forceful exertion

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nadir, in his turn, was visited by misfortune.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

at the time that

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

which person or people

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The people, whom he had taught to be industrious and happy, were given up to avaricious men, who converted their labour into an oppressive burden; and the memories which once refreshed the soul of Nadir now became to him a bitter and empoisoned spring.

belonging to which person

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading He was banished from the wife of his bosom, from the son whose eyes were just opened to the light, and his life was dried up like the summer, when, although full of fire and vigour, it has lost its colours.