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Portia
Portia

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Portia is here in full — 358 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Portia
Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."
--THE MANCIPLE'S TALE--CHAUCER.
THE days have grown shorter and shorter.
Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.
"The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Portia

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Portia is here in full — 358 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."
Line 2
--THE MANCIPLE'S TALE--CHAUCER.
Line 3
THE days have grown shorter and shorter.
/ðə deɪz hæv ɡroʊn ˈʃɔːrtər ənd ˈʃɔːrtər/
Line 4
Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.
/ˈdeɪlaɪt naʊ ɪz tuː biː praɪzd nɑːt ˈspɔːrtɪd wɪð æz ɪn ðə ɡeɪ ənd ˈhæpi ˈsʌmər/
Line 5
"The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bleakest adjective US /ˈbliːkəst/

superlative of “bleak” — offering little or no hope

From this reading “"The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.”

chaucer noun US /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading “--THE MANCIPLE'S TALE--CHAUCER.”

claims noun US /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading “"The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.”

inaudible adjective US /ˌɪˈnɔːdəbəl/

impossible to hear; imperceptible by the ear

From this reading “"The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.”

prized verb US /praɪzd/

past form of “prize” — hold dear

From this reading “Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.”

September noun US /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading “"The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.”

shorter adjective US /ˈʃɔːrtər/

comparative of “short” — primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading “THE days have grown shorter and shorter.”

sported verb US /ˈspɔːrtɪd/

past form of “sport” — wear or display in an ostentatious or proud manner

From this reading “Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

bleakestadjectiveUS /ˈbliːkəst/

superlative of “bleak” — offering little or no hope

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

CHAUCERnounUS /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading --THE MANCIPLE'S TALE--CHAUCER.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

claimsnounUS /kleɪmz/

plural of “claim” — an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

DaylightnounUS /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE days have grown shorter and shorter.

firste

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

GoldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading THE days have grown shorter and shorter.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE days have grown shorter and shorter.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

inaudibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnɔːdəbəl/

impossible to hear; imperceptible by the ear

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

kepen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

lerne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

MANCIPLE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --THE MANCIPLE'S TALE--CHAUCER.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

noiselessadjective

making no sound

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

prizedverbUS /praɪzd/

past form of “prize” — hold dear

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

restreine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

shorteradjectiveUS /ˈʃɔːrtər/

comparative of “short” — primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading THE days have grown shorter and shorter.

sonenoun

a unit of perceived loudness equal to the loudness of a 1000-hertz tone at 40 dB above threshold

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

sportedverbUS /ˈspɔːrtɪd/

past form of “sport” — wear or display in an ostentatious or proud manner

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

SummernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

TALEnounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading --THE MANCIPLE'S TALE--CHAUCER.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

TimenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

tonge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

vertue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

wel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

wiltmodal verbUS /wɪlt/

an old form of “will”, used with “thou”

From this reading "The firste vertue, sone, if thou wilt lerne, Is to restreine, and kepen wel thy tonge."

WinternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading "The inaudible and noiseless foot of Time" has carried us from "Golden September" to bleakest Winter, and into that month which claims Christmas for its own.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Daylight now is to be prized, not sported with, as in the gay and happy Summer.

Chapter 18 of Portia by Duchess holds 358 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Portia contain?

Chapter 18 holds 358 sentences of Portia, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Portia by Duchess exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 358 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Portia?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Portia

Common questions about reading Portia by Duchess on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Portia?

Yes. All 6566 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31825 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Portia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31825, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Portia take to read?

About 547 minutes of reading across 1314 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Portia section by section

How to work through Portia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Portia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Portia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Portia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Portia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grandmother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Portia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Female
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Portia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sweet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Portia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.