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Practical Mechanics for Boys
Practical Mechanics for Boys

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Practical Mechanics for Boys is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.
It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.
THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.
Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.
He will find three things to astonish him:
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Practical Mechanics for Boys

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Practical Mechanics for Boys is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.
/ɑːn ðə juːs ʌv ðə faɪl ðə moʊst ˈnesəseri tuːl ɪn ə məˈʃiːn ʃɑːp ɪz ə faɪl/
Line 2
It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.
/ɪt ɪz wʌn ʌv ðə nəˈɡlektəd tuːlz bɪˈkɔːz ðə ˈɔːrdəneri bɔɪ ɔːr ˈwɜːrkmən siːz ˈnʌθɪŋ ɪn ɪt bʌt ə strɪp ɔːr ə bɑːr wɪð ə lɑːt ʌv krɔːs ɡruːvz ənd ˈedʒəz ənd hiː kənˈkluːdz ðæt ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ˈnesəseri ɪz tuː rʌb ɪt əˈkrɔːs ə piːs ʌv ˈmetəl ənˈtɪl hiː hæz wɔːrn ɪt daʊn səˈfɪʃəntli fɔːr ðə ˈpɜːrpəs/
Line 3
THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.
Line 4
Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.
/ɡɪv ðə bɔɪ æn ˌɪˈreɡjələr blɑːk ʌv ˈmetəl ənd tel hɪm tuː faɪl ɪt ʌp skwer ənd hiː wɪl bɪˈɡɪn tuː ˈriːəlaɪz ðæt ðer ɪz ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈhændlɪŋ ʌv ə faɪl ðæt ˈnevər bɪˈfɔːr əˈkɜːrd tuː hɪm/
Line 5
He will find three things to astonish him:
/hiː wɪl faɪnd θriː θɪŋz tuː əˈstɑːnɪʃ hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astonish verb US /əˈstɑːnɪʃ/

affect with wonder

From this reading “He will find three things to astonish him:”

breeds noun US /briːdz/

plural of “breed” — a special variety of domesticated animals within a species

From this reading “THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.”

concludes verb US /kənˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “conclude” — decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading “It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.”

grooves noun US /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading “It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.”

handling noun US /ˈhændlɪŋ/

manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something

From this reading “Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.”

rub verb US /rʌb/

move over something with pressure

From this reading “It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.”

tool noun US /tuːl/

an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading “ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.”

workman noun US /ˈwɜːrkmən/

an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading “It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

associatedverbUS /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

past form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

astonishverbUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃ/

affect with wonder

From this reading He will find three things to astonish him:

barnounUS /bɑːr/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

blocknounUS /blɑːk/

a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

breedsnounUS /briːdz/

plural of “breed” — a special variety of domesticated animals within a species

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

concludesverbUS /kənˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “conclude” — decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

edgesnounUS /ˈedʒəz/

plural of “edge” — the boundary of a surface

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

FILEverbUS /faɪl/

record in a public office or in a court of law

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading He will find three things to astonish him:

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

GiveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

groovesnounUS /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

handlingnounUS /ˈhændlɪŋ/

manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

metalnounUS /ˈmetəl/

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

neglectedadjectiveUS /nəˈɡlektəd/

disregarded

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

realizeverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

rubverbUS /rʌb/

move over something with pressure

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

stripverbUS /strɪp/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

TESTnounUS /test/

trying something to find out about it

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading THE FIRST TEST.--The fact is, the file is so familiar a tool, that it breeds contempt, like many other things closely associated in life.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading He will find three things to astonish him:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

toolnounUS /tuːl/

an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

USEnounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading ON THE USE OF THE FILE The most necessary tool in a machine shop is a file.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Give the boy an irregular block of metal, and tell him to file it up square, and he will begin to realize that there is something in the handling of a file that never before occurred to him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

workmannounUS /ˈwɜːrkmən/

an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading It is one of the neglected tools, because the ordinary boy, or workman, sees nothing in it but a strip or a bar with a lot of cross grooves and edges, and he concludes that the only thing necessary is to rub it across a piece of metal until he has worn it down sufficiently for the purpose.

Chapter 5 of Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Practical Mechanics for Boys contain?

Chapter 5 holds 103 sentences of Practical Mechanics for Boys, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Practical Mechanics for Boys?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Practical Mechanics for Boys

Common questions about reading Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Practical Mechanics for Boys?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Practical Mechanics for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Practical Mechanics for Boys take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Practical Mechanics for Boys section by section

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Vocabulary met early in Practical Mechanics for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Practical Mechanics for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Practical Mechanics for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Practical Mechanics for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Practical Mechanics for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.