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Practical Mechanics for Boys
Practical Mechanics for Boys

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Practical Mechanics for Boys is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.
These with their meaning will now be explained.
ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.
Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.
When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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Practical Mechanics for Boys

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Practical Mechanics for Boys is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.
/ˈprɑːpərtiz ʌv məˈtɪriəlz ə ˈwɜːrkmən ɪz ˈeɪbəl tuː səˈlekt ðə raɪt ˈmetəlz bɪˈkɔːz hiː noʊz ðæt iːtʃ hæz sʌm pəˈkjuːljər ˈprɑːpərti wɪtʃ ɪz best əˈdæptɪd fɔːr hɪz pərˈtɪkjələr juːs/
Line 2
These with their meaning will now be explained.
/ðiːz wɪð ðer ˈmiːnɪŋ wɪl naʊ biː ɪkˈspleɪnd/
Line 3
ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.
Line 4
Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.
/hæŋ ə weɪt ɑːn ə ˈwaɪər ənd ɪt wɪl stretʃ ə ˈsɜːrtən əˈmaʊnt/
Line 5
When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.
/wen ðə weɪt ɪz riˈmuːvd ðə ˈwaɪər ʃrɪŋks bæk tuː ɪts ərˈɪdʒənəl leŋkθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adapted adjective US /əˈdæptɪd/

changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose

From this reading “PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.”

elasticity noun US /ˌiːlæˈstɪsəti/

the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed

From this reading “ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.”

exists verb US /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.”

metals noun US /ˈmetəlz/

plural of “metal” — any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading “PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.”

properties noun US /ˈprɑːpərtiz/

plural of “property” — something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading “PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.”

shrinks noun US /ʃrɪŋks/

plural of “shrink” — a physician who specializes in psychiatry

From this reading “When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.”

traction noun US /ˈtrækʃən/

the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)

workman noun US /ˈwɜːrkmən/

an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading “PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

adaptedadjectiveUS /əˈdæptɪd/

changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

ELASTICITYnounUS /ˌiːlæˈstɪsəti/

the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

HangverbUS /hæŋ/

be suspended or hanging

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.

MATERIALSnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

metalsnounUS /ˈmetəlz/

plural of “metal” — any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

PROPERTIESnounUS /ˈprɑːpərtiz/

plural of “property” — something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

selectadjectiveUS /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

shrinksnounUS /ʃrɪŋks/

plural of “shrink” — a physician who specializes in psychiatry

From this reading When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

tractionnounUS /ˈtrækʃən/

the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading ELASTICITY.--This exists in metals in three distinct ways: First, in the form of _traction_.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the weight is removed the wire shrinks back to its original length.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading Hang a weight on a wire and it will stretch a certain amount.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These with their meaning will now be explained.

workmannounUS /ˈwɜːrkmən/

an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS A workman is able to select the right metals because he knows that each has some peculiar property which is best adapted for his particular use.

Chapter 8 of Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Practical Mechanics for Boys contain?

Chapter 8 holds 171 sentences of Practical Mechanics for Boys, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Practical Mechanics for Boys?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Practical Mechanics for Boys?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Practical Mechanics for Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Practical Mechanics for Boys take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Practical Mechanics for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Practical Mechanics for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Practical Mechanics for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Practical Mechanics for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Practical Mechanics for Boys, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.