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Practical Mechanics for Boys
Practical Mechanics for Boys

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Practical Mechanics for Boys is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.
If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.
For that reason it is called a foot pound.
Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.
FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.
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Practical Mechanics for Boys

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Practical Mechanics for Boys is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.
Line 2
If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.
Line 3
For that reason it is called a foot pound.
/fɔːr ðæt ˈriːzən ɪt ɪz kɔːld ə fʊt paʊnd/
Line 4
Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.
Line 5
FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arbitrary adjective US /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading “FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.”

calculation noun US /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən/

the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods

From this reading “FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.”

calculations noun US /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “calculation” — the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods

From this reading “Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.”

designated verb US /ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd/

past form of “designate” — assign a name or title to

From this reading “ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.”

equals noun US /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading “Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.”

exerted verb US /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading “Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.”

multiplied adjective US /ˈmʌltəplaɪd/

greatly increased as by multiplication

From this reading “Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.”

unit noun US /ˈjuːnət/

any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange

From this reading “ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

33,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

550

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

60

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

arbitraryadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

calculationnounUS /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən/

the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods

From this reading FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.

calculationsnounUS /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “calculation” — the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

designatedverbUS /ˈdezɪɡneɪtɪd/

past form of “designate” — assign a name or title to

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

exertedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For that reason it is called a foot pound.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

HORSE-POWER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

InsteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

liftedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪftəd/

held up in the air

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading FOOT POUNDS.--The calculation of horse-power is in a large measure arbitrary.

MEASURESnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

minutenounUS /ˈmɪnət/

a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

multipliedadjectiveUS /ˈmʌltəplaɪd/

greatly increased as by multiplication

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

PnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

poundverbUS /paʊnd/

hit hard with the hand, fist, or some heavy instrument

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

poundsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading For that reason it is called a foot pound.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

secondsnounUS /ˈsekəndz/

plural of “second” — 1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For that reason it is called a foot pound.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

unitnounUS /ˈjuːnət/

any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading Instead of using the figure to indicate the power exerted during one minute of time, the time is taken for a minute, in all calculations, so that 550 multiplied by the number of seconds, 60, in a minute, equals 33,000 foot pounds.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading ON MEASURES HORSE-POWER.--When work is performed it is designated as horse-power, usually indicated by the letters H. P.; but the unit of work is called a _foot pound_.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If one pound should be lifted 550 feet in one second, or 550 pounds one foot in the same time, it would be designated as one horse-power.

Chapter 12 of Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Practical Mechanics for Boys contain?

Chapter 12 holds 96 sentences of Practical Mechanics for Boys, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Practical Mechanics for Boys by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Practical Mechanics for Boys?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #22298, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 131 minutes of reading across 315 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Practical Mechanics for Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in Practical Mechanics for Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tools
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Practical Mechanics for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Generally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Practical Mechanics for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Judging
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Practical Mechanics for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Favorable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Practical Mechanics for Boys; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.