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Preface to Major Barbara
Preface to Major Barbara

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Preface to Major Barbara is here in full — 466 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/93 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.
They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.
The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.
G. B. S.
Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.
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Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Preface to Major Barbara

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Preface to Major Barbara is here in full — 466 sentences across 94 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/93 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.
Line 2
They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.
Line 3
The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.
/ðə pleɪ ˌɪnˈdiːd stændz ˌɪnˈdetɪd tuː hɪm ɪn mɔːr weɪz ðæn wʌn/
Line 4
G. B. S.
/dʒiː biː es/
Line 5
Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aspects noun US /ˈæspekts/

plural of “aspect” — a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading “Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.”

critics noun US /ˈkrɪtɪks/

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading “Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.”

dealing noun US /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading “Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.”

impulsive adjective US /ˌɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

proceeding from natural feeling or impulse without external stimulus

From this reading “They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.”

indebted adjective US /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading “The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.”

Murray noun US /ˈmɜːri/

British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)

From this reading “They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.”

unpatriotic adjective US /ənˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk/

showing lack of love for your country

From this reading “Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.”

version noun US /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading “They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

aspectsnounUS /ˈæspekts/

plural of “aspect” — a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

Baccha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

Barbara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

creditnounUS /ˈkredət/

approval

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

criticsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪks/

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

deeperadverbUS /ˈdiːpər/

comparative of “deeply” — to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

Euripidean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

Euripidesnoun

one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece (480-406 BC)

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading G. B. S.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

impulsiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

proceeding from natural feeling or impulse without external stimulus

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

indebtedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

MurraynounUS /ˈmɜːri/

British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

protestnounUS /ˈproʊtest/

a formal and solemn declaration of objection

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading G. B. S.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

shortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

unpatrioticadjectiveUS /ənˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk/

showing lack of love for your country

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading N.B. The Euripidean verses in the second act of Major Barbara are not by me, or even directly by Euripides.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading The play, indeed, stands indebted to him in more ways than one.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Before dealing with the deeper aspects of Major Barbara, let me, for the credit of English literature, make a protest against an unpatriotic habit into which many of my critics have fallen.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading They are by Professor Gilbert Murray, whose English version of The Baccha; came into our dramatic literature with all the impulsive power of an original work shortly before Major Barbara was begun.

Chapter 1 of Preface to Major Barbara by Bernard Shaw holds 466 sentences, grouped into 94 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Preface to Major Barbara contain?

Chapter 1 holds 466 sentences of Preface to Major Barbara, unabridged, divided into 94 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Preface to Major Barbara by Bernard Shaw exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 466 sentences, grouped into 94 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Preface to Major Barbara?

Work through the 94 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 94 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Preface to Major Barbara

Common questions about reading Preface to Major Barbara by Bernard Shaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Preface to Major Barbara?

Yes. All 466 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3789 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Preface to Major Barbara is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3789, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Preface to Major Barbara take to read?

About 38 minutes of reading across 94 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Preface to Major Barbara section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Preface to Major Barbara

Words and structures a reader meets early in Preface to Major Barbara, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Euripidean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Preface to Major Barbara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Verses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Preface to Major Barbara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Second
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Preface to Major Barbara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Preface to Major Barbara; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.