Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Prefaces to Fiction
Prefaces to Fiction

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Prefaces to Fiction is here in full — 350 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Prefaces to Fiction
Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.
Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.
Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.
But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.
And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Prefaces to Fiction

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Prefaces to Fiction is here in full — 350 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.
Line 2
Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.
/ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm ʌv proʊz ˈfɪkʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðæt ˈpɪriəd ˌhaʊˈevər ɪz les ˌɪmˈpresɪv ˈbiːɪŋ ˈniːðər ˈstraɪkɪŋli ərˈɪdʒənəl nɔːr proʊˈfaʊnd nɔːr ˈjuːʒəwəli mɔːr ðæn ˈfræɡmənteri/
Line 3
Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.
Line 4
But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.
Line 5
And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advisory noun US /ædˈvaɪzəri/

an announcement that usually advises or warns the public of some threat

From this reading “Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.”

fragmentary adjective US /ˈfræɡmənteri/

consisting of small disconnected parts

From this reading “Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.”

friedman noun US /ˈfriːdmən/

United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born in 1912)

From this reading “Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.”

Minnesota noun US /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/

a midwestern state

niles noun US /naɪlz/

plural of “nile” — the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

From this reading “Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.”

Princeton noun US /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

Richardson's noun US /ˈrɪtʃərdsənz/

possessive form of “richardson” — United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading “Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.”

sutherland noun US /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading “Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.”

All words in this reading · 189

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1674

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

1705

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

1744

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

1748

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

1754

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

32

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

35

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

ADVISORYnounUS /ædˈvaɪzəri/

an announcement that usually advises or warns the public of some threat

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

AndrewsnounUS /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Angeles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

ARCHERnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃər/

a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

ARTHURnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

ASSISTANTnounUS /əˈsɪstənt/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Augustanadjective

relating to or characteristic of the times of the Roman Emperor Augustus

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

AVERY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

Beauval

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

BecauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

BenjaminnounUS /ˈbendʒəmən/

gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

Boyce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Boyer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

BOYSnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

BREDVOLD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

BRITTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

BROOKSnounUS /brʊks/

United States literary critic and historian (1886-1963)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Clarissa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

ClarknounUS /klɑːrk/

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

CLEANTH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

CLIFFORD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

CriticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

d'Argens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

d'Argens's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

DerricknounUS /ˈderɪk/

a framework erected over an oil well to allow drill tubes to be raised and lowered

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

Du

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

EARLnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

EDITORnounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

EDITORSnounUS /ˈedɪtərz/

plural of “editor” — a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

EDWARDnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

EMMETT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

ERNEST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

fragmentaryadjectiveUS /ˈfræɡmənteri/

consisting of small disconnected parts

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

FRIEDMANnounUS /ˈfriːdmən/

United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born in 1912)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

GENERALadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

GeorgesnounUS /ˈdʒɔːrdʒəz/

plural of “george” — Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

HOOKERnounUS /ˈhʊkər/

United States general in the Union Army who was defeated at Chancellorsville by Robert E. Lee (1814-1879)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

IbrahimnounUS /ˌɪbrɑːˈhiːm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

impressiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

JAMESnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Jean-Baptiste

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

JewishadjectiveUS /ˈdʒuːɪʃ/

of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

JonesnounUS /dʒoʊnz/

United States labor leader (born in Ireland) who helped to found the Industrial Workers of the World (1830-1930)

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

JRnounUS /ˈdʒuːnjər/

a son who has the same first name as his father

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

LANDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

LetternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

LibrarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

LOFTIS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

Los

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

LOUISnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Manley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

MarquisnounUS /ˌmɑːrˈkiː/

humorist who wrote about the imaginary life of cockroaches (1878-1937)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

MemoirsnounUS /ˈmemwɑːrz/

plural of “memoir” — an account of the author's personal experiences

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

MemorialnounUS /məˈmɔːriəl/

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

MichigannounUS /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

mid-eighteenth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

MinnesotanounUS /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/

a midwestern state

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

MONKnounUS /mʌŋk/

a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

MOSSNER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

NILESnounUS /naɪlz/

plural of “nile” — the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

notionsnounUS /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

NumbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

obscurelyadverb

in an obscure manner

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

PrefacenounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

PrincetonnounUS /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

programnounUS /ˈproʊɡræm/

a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

PublicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

realizeverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

RICHARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Richardson'snounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdsənz/

possessive form of “richardson” — United States architect (1838-1886)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

Riviere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

SamuelnounUS /ˈsæmjuːl/

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Scudéry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

SecretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

SpyverbUS /spaɪ/

catch sight of

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

statementsnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənts/

plural of “statement” — a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

strikinglyadverbUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋli/

in a striking manner

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

substantialadjectiveUS /səbˈstænʃəl/

of considerable importance, size, or worth

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

SUTHERLANDnounUS /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

SWEDENBERG

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

triumphsnounUS /ˈtraɪəmfs/

plural of “triumph” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading Criticism of prose fiction during that period, however, is less impressive, being neither strikingly original nor profound nor usually more than fragmentary.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

VolumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Warburton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And as in the case of other branches of literary theory in the Augustan period, the original expression of the organized doctrine was French.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Because the early statements of theory were mostly very brief and are now obscurely buried in rare books, one may come upon the well conceived "program" of _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_ with some surprise.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading But if one looks in the right places one will realize that mid-eighteenth century notions about prose fiction had a substantial background in earlier writing.

YalenounUS /jeɪl/

a university in Connecticut

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Zarah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Georges de Scudéry, Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674) Mary De la Riviere Manley, Preface to _The Secret History of Queen Zarah_ (1705) Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, _The Jewish Spy_ (1744), Letter 35 William Warburton, Preface to Volumes III and IV (1748) of Richardson's _Clarissa_ Samuel Derrick, Preface to d'Argens's _Memoirs of The Count Du Beauval_ (1754) Benjamin Boyce Publication Number 32 Los Angeles William Andrews Clark Memorial Library University of California GENERAL EDITORS H. RICHARD ARCHER, _Clark Memorial Library_ RICHARD C. BOYS, _University of Michigan_ JOHN LOFTIS, _University of California, Los Angeles_ ASSISTANT EDITOR W. EARL BRITTON, _University of Michigan_ ADVISORY EDITORS EMMETT L. AVERY, _State College of Washington_ BENJAMIN BOYCE, _Duke University_ LOUIS I. BREDVOLD, _University of Michigan_ CLEANTH BROOKS, _Yale University_ JAMES L. CLIFFORD, _Columbia University_ ARTHUR FRIEDMAN, _University of Chicago_ EDWARD NILES HOOKER, _University of California, Los Angeles_ LOUIS A. LANDA, _Princeton University_ SAMUEL H. MONK, _University of Minnesota_ ERNEST MOSSNER, _University of Texas_ JAMES SUTHERLAND, _University College, London_ H.T. SWEDENBERG, JR., _University of California, Los Angeles_ INTRODUCTION The development of the English novel is one of the triumphs of the eighteenth century.

Chapter 1 of Prefaces to Fiction by Benjamin [Author of introduction, etc.] Boyce holds 350 sentences, grouped into 70 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Prefaces to Fiction contain?

Chapter 1 holds 350 sentences of Prefaces to Fiction, unabridged, divided into 70 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Prefaces to Fiction by Benjamin [Author of introduction, etc.] Boyce exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 350 sentences, grouped into 70 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Prefaces to Fiction?

Work through the 70 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 70 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Prefaces to Fiction

Common questions about reading Prefaces to Fiction by Benjamin [Author of introduction, etc.] Boyce on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Prefaces to Fiction?

Yes. All 350 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14525 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Prefaces to Fiction is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14525, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Prefaces to Fiction take to read?

About 29 minutes of reading across 70 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Prefaces to Fiction section by section

How to work through Prefaces to Fiction section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Prefaces to Fiction to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Prefaces to Fiction

Words and structures a reader meets early in Prefaces to Fiction, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Georges
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Prefaces to Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Prefaces to Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ibrahim
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Prefaces to Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Riviere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Prefaces to Fiction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.