Chapter 1 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter I
Chapter 1 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD. EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD. VOL. I. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
Chapter 1 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
the body of faculty and students of a college
From this reading “EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.”
a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount
From this reading “WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.”
improved or corrected by critical editing
From this reading “EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.”
the act of beginning something new
From this reading “WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.”
British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)
From this reading “LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.”
a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University
From this reading “EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.”
a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry
From this reading “WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.”
plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life
From this reading “EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
the body of faculty and students of a college
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
improved or corrected by critical editing
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
a boy or man
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading I.
the act of beginning something new
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
a room or building equipped with one or more toilets
From this reading LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center
From this reading LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)
From this reading LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life
From this reading EDITED BY ROWLAND E. PROTHERO, BARRISTER-AT-LAW, SOME-TIME FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE, OXFORD.
a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings
From this reading LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading VOL.
in the company of; together with
From this reading WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.
Chapter 1 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon holds 415 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 1 holds 415 sentences of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 1 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 415 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 7879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42578 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #42578, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 600 minutes of reading across 1576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 20 chapters of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
